{"id":25127351,"date":"2026-09-20T17:09:30","date_gmt":"2026-09-20T09:09:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/?page_id=25127357"},"modified":"2026-09-20T18:26:56","modified_gmt":"2026-09-20T10:26:56","slug":"umalulu-malaria-study-2025-results","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/fr\/umalulu-malaria-study-2025-results\/","title":{"rendered":"Umalulu Malaria Study 2025: Interactive Results"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;For the Top of all pages&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;64d58dee-3ecd-4bcf-8270-3416de241b8f&#8221; width_phone=&#8221;100%&#8221; width_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; max_height=&#8221;100px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px|20px|10px|20px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;10px|20px|10px|20px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;5px|3vw|5px|3vw|false|true&#8221; 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custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>From the field in East Sumba.<\/strong> Medical care, clean water, prevention and community health where access remains difficult.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Buttons&#8221; disabled_on=&#8221;on|on|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; z_index=&#8221;999&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_css_main_element_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; custom_css_main_element_phone=&#8221;width:100%!important;&#8221; custom_css_main_element_tablet=&#8221;width:100%!important;&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Donate&#8221; disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Donate&#8221; module_class=&#8221;blurb-top-pages blurb-top-pages&#8211;donate&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; 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use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xf0ae;||fa||900&#8243; disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Glossary&#8221; module_class=&#8221;blurb-top-pages blurb-top-pages&#8211;programs&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;link_option_url&#8221; _module_preset=&#8221;9ca1a36b-5807-4bd5-b25a-8e96404da0f9&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|5px||5px|true|true&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjI1MTAzMjE2In19@&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;min-width:140px;||max-width:155px;&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; header_letter_spacing__hover=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; header_text_color__hover=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off|hover&#8221; body_text_color__hover=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; body_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off|hover&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>All projects<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Quick News&#8221; disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Quick News&#8221; module_class=&#8221;blurb-top-pages blurb-top-pages&#8211;quicknews&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;link_option_url&#8221; _module_preset=&#8221;9ca1a36b-5807-4bd5-b25a-8e96404da0f9&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|5px||5px|true|true&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjM5ODM1MiJ9fQ==@&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;min-width:140px;||max-width:155px;&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; header_letter_spacing__hover=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; header_text_color__hover=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off|hover&#8221; body_text_color__hover=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; body_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off|hover&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Field updates<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Search&#8221; disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Search&#8221; module_class=&#8221;blurb-top-pages blurb-top-pages&#8211;stories&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;9ca1a36b-5807-4bd5-b25a-8e96404da0f9&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|5px||5px|true|true&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;\/search\/&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Find anything<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;530cd1db-91d6-41d2-9f18-e95a124f4505&#8243; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IiIsImFmdGVyIjoiIiwiZW5hYmxlX2h0bWwiOiJvZmYifX0=@&#8221; button_one_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjI2Mjk1MyIsImVuYWJsZV9odG1sIjoib2ZmIn19@&#8221; button_two_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoiaG9tZV91cmwiLCJzZXR0aW5ncyI6eyJlbmFibGVfaHRtbCI6Im9mZiJ9fQ==@&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;button_one_url,title,button_two_url,background_image&#8221; _module_preset=&#8221;0e5deef8-9708-4c81-a1ab-597305907a59&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>In Umalulu, malaria prevention depends on what families can actually access.<\/strong> Explore the 2025 study of 269 households and 460 residents: mosquito-net use, housing, diagnostic access, affordability and the practical priorities emerging from the evidence.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>[\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Last Infos &#8211; Field Notes V5&#8243; module_id=&#8221;quick-news-of-the-day&#8221; module_class=&#8221;fff-last-info-v5-section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#F1F4F8&#8243; background_enable_color=&#8221;on&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|auto|0px|auto|true|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0vh||0vh||false|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;0vh|0vw|2vh|0vw|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;0vh|0vw|2vh|0vw|false|true&#8221; bottom_divider_style=&#8221;wave&#8221; bottom_divider_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; bottom_divider_height=&#8221;0px&#8221; bottom_divider_flip=&#8221;vertical&#8221; bottom_divider_height_tablet=&#8221;15px&#8221; bottom_divider_height_phone=&#8221;10px&#8221; bottom_divider_height_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#AE2012&#8243; border_color_top=&#8221;rgba(221,221,221,0.55)&#8221; border_width_bottom=&#8221;0px&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;#454749&#8243; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_phone=&#8221;&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; box_shadow_blur_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; global_module=&#8221;371970&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-096f36a6-7976-4bb9-a88d-711fd8926a6c%22:%91%93,%22gcid-5f45c325-2d48-4978-88b2-6f6f7e5a874a%22:%91%93,%22gcid-52f734f6-e88f-4009-8050-e136675ea389%22:%91%93,%22gcid-4edc7dbb-371c-4906-8777-e3644b9d450c%22:%91%93,%22gcid-aefbabcd-c21e-4310-ab2c-2b30b4e16c6c%22:%91%93,%22gcid-3a95ec63-022f-4f31-836b-18b2392bee23%22:%91%93,%22gcid-12484bd3-d486-43a1-8896-ccea8d7d6db2%22:%91%93,%22gcid-02febd7f-5e8f-4e09-b79d-959d5d9c7047%22:%91%93,%22gcid-2d694fc1-5051-4da0-891e-32bf464f3503%22:%91%93}&#8221;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Row: Field Notes V5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|auto|0px|auto|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code admin_label=&#8221;Code: Administrable Field Notes V5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]\n        <div\n            class=\"fff-field-notes-v5\"\n            data-fff-field-notes-v5 data-fff-field-notes-v5-limit=\"10\"\n            tabindex=\"0\"\n            aria-label=\"Latest updates from Fair Future Foundation\"\n        >\n\n            <div class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__inner\">\n\n                <div class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__label\">\n                    <a\n                        class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__archive-link\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/fr\/field-notes-from-eastern-indonesia\/\"\n                        target=\"_blank\"\n                        rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\n                        aria-label=\"View all Field Notes\"\n                    >\n                        Latest from the Field\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div\n                    class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__current\"\n                    aria-live=\"polite\"\n                >\n\n                    <a\n                        class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__link\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/fr\/field-notes\/el-nino-protecting-health-water-preparedness\/\"\n                                            >\n\n                        <div class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__meta\">\n\n                            <time\n                                class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__date\"\n                                datetime=\"2026-10-28\"\n                            >\n                                28.10.2026                            <\/time>\n\n                            <span class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__type\">\n                                \u00b7 Environment &amp; Climate                            <\/span>\n\n                        <\/div>\n\n                        <h3 class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__title\">\n                            El Ni\u00f1o: protecting health before water runs short                        <\/h3>\n\n                        <p class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__summary\">\n\n                            <span data-fff-field-notes-v5-summary>\n                                UNICEF\u2019s latest El Ni\u00f1o warning is a reminder to prepare before water and food supplies come under pressure. For remote communities, protecting drinking water, supporting nutrition and keeping care reachable belong together. Our climate and health page explains these connections in East Sumba.                            <\/span>\n\n                            <span class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__read\">\n                                Read \u2192\n                            <\/span>\n\n                        <\/p>\n\n                    <\/a>\n\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div\n                    class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__controls\"\n                    aria-label=\"Field note navigation\"\n                >\n\n                    <span\n                        class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__counter\"\n                        data-fff-field-notes-v5-counter\n                    >\n                        1 \/ 10                    <\/span>\n\n                    <button\n                        type=\"button\"\n                        class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__button\"\n                        data-fff-field-notes-v5-prev\n                        aria-label=\"Previous update\"\n                    >\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2039<\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n\n                    <button\n                        type=\"button\"\n                        class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__button\"\n                        data-fff-field-notes-v5-next\n                        aria-label=\"Next update\"\n                    >\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u203a<\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n\n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            <script\n                type=\"application\/json\"\n                class=\"fff-field-notes-v5__data\"\n            >[{\"id\":25128538,\"date\":\"28.10.2026\",\"dateIso\":\"2026-10-28\",\"type\":\"Environment \\u0026 Climate\",\"title\":\"El Ni\u00f1o: protecting health before water runs short\",\"summary\":\"UNICEF\u2019s latest El Ni\u00f1o warning is a reminder to prepare before water and food supplies come under pressure. For remote communities, protecting drinking water, supporting nutrition and keeping care reachable belong together. Our climate and health page explains these connections in East Sumba.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/fr\/field-notes\/el-nino-protecting-health-water-preparedness\/\",\"newTab\":false},{\"id\":25128535,\"date\":\"28.10.2026\",\"dateIso\":\"2026-10-28\",\"type\":\"Primary Medical Care\",\"title\":\"Protecting antibiotics takes more than a plan\",\"summary\":\"WHO reports that stronger antimicrobial resistance plans across Asia-Pacific still lack adequate funding. In East Sumba, responsible antibiotic use depends on trained health workers, clinical assessment and follow-up, often without laboratory support. Our field article explains this daily responsibility.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/fr\/field-notes\/protecting-antibiotics-beyond-action-plans\/\",\"newTab\":false},{\"id\":25128502,\"date\":\"27.10.2026\",\"dateIso\":\"2026-10-27\",\"type\":\"Website Update\",\"title\":\"Our website now speaks four languages\",\"summary\":\"Fair Future Foundation\u2019s website is now available in English, French, German and Italian. Translating nearly three million words is a considerable task. If you would like to help make our field stories and resources accessible to more people, a donation can support this work.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/fr\/field-notes\/fair-future-website-four-languages\/\",\"newTab\":false},{\"id\":25128430,\"date\":\"26.10.2026\",\"dateIso\":\"2026-10-26\",\"type\":\"Water Connections\",\"title\":\"A new reservoir brings water closer to a school day\",\"summary\":\"Eight schoolchildren stand beside a newly completed reservoir in East Sumba. Their school previously had neither water nor toilets. Bringing water within reach helps make everyday hygiene possible; protecting stored water, maintenance and practical education remain part of the work.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/fr\/field-notes\/new-reservoir-water-schoolchildren-east-sumba\/\",\"newTab\":false},{\"id\":25128429,\"date\":\"26.10.2026\",\"dateIso\":\"2026-10-26\",\"type\":\"Water Connections\",\"title\":\"Handwashing advice begins with water within reach\",\"summary\":\"Three children ride a kerbau as their mother leads it to collect water in East Sumba. The image asks a practical question: how can a family follow hygiene advice when every container must be carried home? Water access belongs at the centre of prevention and care.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/fr\/field-notes\/handwashing-advice-water-within-reach\/\",\"newTab\":false},{\"id\":25128428,\"date\":\"26.10.2026\",\"dateIso\":\"2026-10-26\",\"type\":\"Kawan Against Malaria\",\"title\":\"A malaria test must lead to care people can reach\",\"summary\":\"A girl watches our team carry out a malaria test in East Sumba. The result is one step: clear explanations, clinical assessment and access to treatment or referral must follow. Our latest photograph brings the people behind that small clinical gesture into view.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/fr\/field-notes\/malaria-test-accessible-care-east-sumba\/\",\"newTab\":false},{\"id\":25128425,\"date\":\"26.10.2026\",\"dateIso\":\"2026-10-26\",\"type\":\"Primary Medical Care\",\"title\":\"Bidi Hunga: our health cards enter the consultation\",\"summary\":\"On 24 October, around 100 patients attended our care day in Bidi Hunga, three hours from Rumah Kambera. For the first time, our 16 health cards in Bahasa Indonesia joined the consultations, helping patients choose practical actions at home alongside necessary medicines and further care.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/fr\/field-notes\/bidi-hunga-health-cards-first-use\/\",\"newTab\":false},{\"id\":25128385,\"date\":\"23.10.2026\",\"dateIso\":\"2026-10-23\",\"type\":\"Primary Medical Care\",\"title\":\"16 health cards to carry care beyond the consultation\",\"summary\":\"A consultation should leave people with practical steps they can use at home. Our 16 illustrated health cards in Bahasa Indonesia help patients choose one or two actions with a health worker, covering prevention, daily care and warning signs. The complete PDF is now available.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/fr\/field-notes\/16-health-cards-bahasa-indonesia\/\",\"newTab\":false},{\"id\":25128369,\"date\":\"22.10.2026\",\"dateIso\":\"2026-10-22\",\"type\":\"Rumah Kambera\",\"title\":\"50 truckloads closer to the future Rumah Kambera centre\",\"summary\":\"Fifty truckloads of sirtu have reached Rumah Kambera, halfway to the 100 planned. The sand, gravel and soil mixture will raise the lower ground before levelling. Each delivery prepares the site where medical care, medicines, training and field support will come together.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/fr\/field-notes\/rumah-kambera-50-truckloads-site-preparation\/\",\"newTab\":false},{\"id\":25128298,\"date\":\"17.10.2026\",\"dateIso\":\"2026-10-17\",\"type\":\"From the Field\",\"title\":\"Back to Sumba, with a full agenda\",\"summary\":\"After three weeks with his family, Alex returns to work in East Sumba today. Community medical care, support for Kawan Sehat agents and the new Rumah Kambera centre are all on the agenda. A welcome time with loved ones, followed by a return to the teams and the work ahead.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/fr\/field-notes\/back-to-sumba-with-a-full-agenda\/\",\"newTab\":false}]<\/script>\n\n        <\/div>\n\n        [\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Umalulu Malaria Study 2025 &#8211; Interactive Results&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;5vh|0vw|5vh|0vw|false|true&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Interactive Umalulu Results&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;94%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1280px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; 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solid var(--um-rule);text-decoration:none}.um-documents strong{display:block;font-size:19px}.um-documents span{display:block;font-size:14px;color:#58636c;margin-top:6px}.um-report ul{padding-left:24px}.um-report li{margin-bottom:12px}.um-report dt{font-weight:700}.um-report dd{margin:0 0 14px}.um-sr{position:absolute!important;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap}@media(max-width:760px){.um-report{padding:0 16px}.um-findings,.um-columns,.um-documents{grid-template-columns:1fr}.um-numbers{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.um-report{font-size:16px}.um-report section{padding-top:35px}.um-controls{padding:16px}.um-value{font-size:44px}.um-report table{font-size:13px}.um-bar{display:none}.um-report th,.um-report td{padding:10px 6px!important}.um-report td:last-child{width:22%}.um-clinical{padding:18px}.um-controls select{font-size:15px}.um-buttons{gap:10px}.um-report nav{gap:10px 18px}}@media print{.um-controls,.um-back,nav{display:none!important}.um-report .um-indicator[hidden]{display:block!important}.um-report section{break-inside:auto}.um-finding{break-inside:avoid}.um-report details>*{display:block!important}}\n<\/style><div id=\"um-top\" class=\"um-report\">\n<p class=\"um-kicker\">Umalulu \u00b7 East Sumba \u00b7 March\u2013July 2025<\/p><h2>Malaria prevention must be within reach.<\/h2><p class=\"um-lead\">A net for every sleeping group. Testing close to home. The means to obtain treatment. Across 269 households and 460 interviews, this study documented the practical gaps that malaria prevention must address.<\/p><nav aria-label=\"Umalulu report sections\"><strong>Explore the study<\/strong><a href=\"#um-findings\">Key findings<\/a><a href=\"#um-explorer\">Explore the data<\/a><a href=\"#um-clinical\">Clinical meaning<\/a><a href=\"#um-action\">Priorities<\/a><a href=\"#um-methods\">Methods & limits<\/a><a href=\"#um-documents\">Reports & data<\/a><\/nav>\n<section id=\"um-findings\" aria-labelledby=\"um-findings-title\"><p class=\"um-kicker\">Evidence that requires action<\/p><h2 id=\"um-findings-title\">Six findings that shape the response<\/h2><p>Descriptive findings from the surveyed sample. Percentages below retain all module responses, including missing answers in the denominator.<\/p><div class=\"um-findings\"><article class=\"um-finding\"><strong class=\"um-value\">91.1%<\/strong><h3>Could not afford nets or antimalarial medicines<\/h3><p>419 of 460 respondents<\/p><details><summary>About this result<\/summary><p>The question combines two purchases; it does not measure the proportion left untreated.<\/p><a href=\"?um_indicator=affordability#um-explorer\">Explore the complete responses \u2192<\/a><\/details><\/article><article class=\"um-finding\"><strong class=\"um-value\">75.5%<\/strong><h3>Unscreened ventilation or open roof-wall gaps<\/h3><p>203 of 269 households<\/p><details><summary>About this result<\/summary><p>122 unscreened vents + 81 open roof-wall gaps. These are housing conditions, not measured infections.<\/p><a href=\"?um_indicator=ventilation#um-explorer\">Explore the complete responses \u2192<\/a><\/details><\/article><article class=\"um-finding\"><strong class=\"um-value\">32.0%<\/strong><h3>Some or all sleeping groups did not use nets<\/h3><p>86 of 269 households<\/p><details><summary>About this result<\/summary><p>74 reported partial use and 12 no use; one additional household did not answer.<\/p><a href=\"?um_indicator=nets#um-explorer\">Explore the complete responses \u2192<\/a><\/details><\/article><article class=\"um-finding\"><strong class=\"um-value\">54.3%<\/strong><h3>Lived more than 5 km from a health facility<\/h3><p>250 of 460 respondents<\/p><details><summary>About this result<\/summary><p>Physical access remains a concern even where public insurance is widely reported.<\/p><a href=\"?um_indicator=distance#um-explorer\">Explore the complete responses \u2192<\/a><\/details><\/article><article class=\"um-finding\"><strong class=\"um-value\">67.7%<\/strong><h3>Did not know local mosquito breeding sites<\/h3><p>182 of 269 household-module respondents<\/p><details><summary>About this result<\/summary><p>Knowing that mosquitoes transmit malaria does not necessarily mean recognising their habitats.<\/p><a href=\"?um_indicator=breeding#um-explorer\">Explore the complete responses \u2192<\/a><\/details><\/article><article class=\"um-finding\"><strong class=\"um-value\">1.1%<\/strong><h3>Reported previous indoor residual spraying<\/h3><p>3 of 269 households<\/p><details><summary>About this result<\/summary><p>200 reported never being sprayed; 66 gave no answer. Reported spraying was more than six months earlier.<\/p><a href=\"?um_indicator=irs#um-explorer\">Explore the complete responses \u2192<\/a><\/details><\/article><\/div><p class=\"um-note\"><strong>This is a malaria-risk baseline.<\/strong> It does not estimate current malaria prevalence, prove the cause of infection or demonstrate a reduction in disease after an intervention.<\/p><div class=\"um-numbers\"><div><strong>269<\/strong><span>households surveyed<\/span><\/div><div><strong>460<\/strong><span>individual interviews<\/span><\/div><div><strong>12<\/strong><span>hamlets visited<\/span><\/div><div><strong>80.3%<\/strong><span>of 335 planned households completed<\/span><\/div><\/div><p class=\"um-back\"><a href=\"#um-top\">\u2191 Back to navigation<\/a><\/p><\/section>\n<section id=\"um-explorer\" aria-labelledby=\"um-explorer-title\"><p class=\"um-kicker\">Explore the evidence<\/p><h2 id=\"um-explorer-title\">Look beyond the headline percentage<\/h2><p>Choose from 23 indicators. Counts, denominators and unanswered questions stay visible. Household and individual modules describe different units; their percentages must not be combined as if they were linked patient records.<\/p><div class=\"um-controls\" hidden><label for=\"um-select\">Choose an indicator<\/label><select id=\"um-select\"><option value=\"affordability\">Care &amp; costs \u00b7 Can families afford nets or antimalarial medicines?<\/option><option value=\"nets\">Protection \u00b7 Mosquito-net use within households<\/option><option value=\"irs\">Protection \u00b7 Previous indoor residual spraying (IRS)<\/option><option value=\"ventilation\">Housing &amp; environment \u00b7 Ventilation and mosquito screening<\/option><option value=\"breeding\">Knowledge &amp; exposure \u00b7 Knowledge of local mosquito breeding sites<\/option><option value=\"net-duration\">Protection \u00b7 How long households reported using their nets<\/option><option value=\"net-washing\">Protection \u00b7 Knowledge of how to wash mosquito nets<\/option><option value=\"distance\">Care &amp; costs \u00b7 Distance to the nearest health facility<\/option><option value=\"travel\">Care &amp; costs \u00b7 Travel time to a health facility<\/option><option value=\"testing-place\">Diagnosis \u00b7 Where people reported malaria testing<\/option><option value=\"testing-method\">Diagnosis \u00b7 Reported malaria examination method<\/option><option value=\"insurance\">Care &amp; costs \u00b7 Public health-insurance coverage<\/option><option value=\"medicine\">Care &amp; costs \u00b7 Reported ease of access to malaria medicines<\/option><option value=\"cost\">Care &amp; costs \u00b7 Reported malaria-treatment costs<\/option><option value=\"night\">Knowledge &amp; exposure \u00b7 Night-time or early-morning activity<\/option><option value=\"transmission\">Knowledge &amp; exposure \u00b7 Knowledge of malaria transmission<\/option><option value=\"sanitation\">Housing &amp; environment \u00b7 Usual place of defecation<\/option><option value=\"water\">Housing &amp; environment \u00b7 Standing water around the home<\/option><option value=\"power\">Housing &amp; environment \u00b7 Access to electricity<\/option><option value=\"signal\">Housing &amp; environment \u00b7 Telephone and internet access<\/option><option value=\"history\">Illness &amp; livelihoods \u00b7 Self-reported previous malaria<\/option><option value=\"absence\">Illness &amp; livelihoods \u00b7 Reported absence from work or school<\/option><option value=\"absence-days\">Illness &amp; livelihoods \u00b7 Duration among those reporting absence<\/option><\/select><div class=\"um-buttons\"><button type=\"button\" id=\"um-reset\">Reset view<\/button><button type=\"button\" id=\"um-all\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Show all indicators<\/button><a id=\"um-export\" href=\"?um_export=affordability\">Download these results (CSV)<\/a><a id=\"um-share\" href=\"#um-explorer\">Link to this indicator<\/a><\/div><\/div><p id=\"um-status\" class=\"um-sr\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"um-panels\"><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-affordability\"><h3>Can families afford nets or antimalarial medicines?<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>460 respondents<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Can families afford nets or antimalarial medicines?: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Not enough money<\/th><td>419<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:91.0870%\"><\/i><\/span><span>91.1%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Enough money<\/th><td>26<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:5.6522%\"><\/i><\/span><span>5.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>15<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:3.2609%\"><\/i><\/span><span>3.3%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">This combined question does not separate the affordability of nets from medicines. It does not show that 91.1% went without treatment.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C169:C171<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-nets\"><h3>Mosquito-net use within households<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>269 households<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Mosquito-net use within households: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">All sleeping groups use nets<\/th><td>182<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:67.6580%\"><\/i><\/span><span>67.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Some, but not all, use nets<\/th><td>74<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:27.5093%\"><\/i><\/span><span>27.5%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No net use<\/th><td>12<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:4.4610%\"><\/i><\/span><span>4.5%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>1<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:0.3717%\"><\/i><\/span><span>0.4%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">These categories count households. The 693 sleeping spaces reported in the narrative are not the denominator. Net use is reported, not directly measured protection.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C162:C165<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-irs\"><h3>Previous indoor residual spraying (IRS)<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>269 households<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Previous indoor residual spraying (IRS): counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Previously sprayed<\/th><td>3<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:1.1152%\"><\/i><\/span><span>1.1%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Never sprayed<\/th><td>200<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:74.3494%\"><\/i><\/span><span>74.3%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>66<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:24.5353%\"><\/i><\/span><span>24.5%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">Three households reported government spraying, more than six months previously. The 66 missing answers must not be classified as never sprayed. This is not a measure of current insecticide effectiveness.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C155:C157<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-ventilation\"><h3>Ventilation and mosquito screening<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>269 households<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Ventilation and mosquito screening: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Screened ventilation<\/th><td>28<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:10.4089%\"><\/i><\/span><span>10.4%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Unscreened ventilation<\/th><td>122<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:45.3532%\"><\/i><\/span><span>45.4%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Open roof-wall gaps<\/th><td>81<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:30.1115%\"><\/i><\/span><span>30.1%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Closed gaps, no ventilation<\/th><td>24<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:8.9219%\"><\/i><\/span><span>8.9%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Other<\/th><td>3<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:1.1152%\"><\/i><\/span><span>1.1%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>11<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:4.0892%\"><\/i><\/span><span>4.1%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">Unscreened ventilation and open roof-wall gaps together account for 203 households (75.5%). No entomological measurement establishes how many infections resulted.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C69:C74<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-breeding\"><h3>Knowledge of local mosquito breeding sites<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>269 households<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Knowledge of local mosquito breeding sites: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Knows<\/th><td>81<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:30.1115%\"><\/i><\/span><span>30.1%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Does not know<\/th><td>182<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:67.6580%\"><\/i><\/span><span>67.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>6<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:2.2305%\"><\/i><\/span><span>2.2%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">Household-module answers. This is a reported knowledge question, not a formal ecological assessment or a count of confirmed Anopheles breeding sites.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C131:C133<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-net-duration\"><h3>How long households reported using their nets<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>269 households<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">How long households reported using their nets: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Less than six months<\/th><td>7<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:2.6022%\"><\/i><\/span><span>2.6%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Six months to one year<\/th><td>3<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:1.1152%\"><\/i><\/span><span>1.1%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">More than one year<\/th><td>250<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:92.9368%\"><\/i><\/span><span>92.9%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>9<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:3.3457%\"><\/i><\/span><span>3.3%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">Duration of reported net use does not measure fabric integrity, residual insecticide activity or the age of every individual net. More than one year does not by itself mean a net is ineffective.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C169:C172<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-net-washing\"><h3>Knowledge of how to wash mosquito nets<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>269 households<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Knowledge of how to wash mosquito nets: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Knows<\/th><td>119<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:44.2379%\"><\/i><\/span><span>44.2%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Does not know<\/th><td>145<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:53.9033%\"><\/i><\/span><span>53.9%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>5<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:1.8587%\"><\/i><\/span><span>1.9%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">Self-reported knowledge; washing technique and insecticide retention were not tested.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C177:C179<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-distance\"><h3>Distance to the nearest health facility<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>460 respondents<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Distance to the nearest health facility: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Less than 1 km<\/th><td>14<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:3.0435%\"><\/i><\/span><span>3.0%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">1\u20135 km<\/th><td>188<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:40.8696%\"><\/i><\/span><span>40.9%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">More than 5 km<\/th><td>250<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:54.3478%\"><\/i><\/span><span>54.3%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>8<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:1.7391%\"><\/i><\/span><span>1.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">Reported distance, not a measured journey or a demonstrated delay in receiving malaria treatment.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C130:C133<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-travel\"><h3>Travel time to a health facility<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>460 respondents<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Travel time to a health facility: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Less than 15 minutes<\/th><td>43<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:9.3478%\"><\/i><\/span><span>9.3%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">15\u201330 minutes<\/th><td>239<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:51.9565%\"><\/i><\/span><span>52.0%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">More than 30 minutes<\/th><td>169<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:36.7391%\"><\/i><\/span><span>36.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>9<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:1.9565%\"><\/i><\/span><span>2.0%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">408 respondents (88.7%) reported at least 15 minutes. Time excludes any unmeasured wait for transport, consultation or referral.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C138:C141<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-testing-place\"><h3>Where people reported malaria testing<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>460 respondents<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Where people reported malaria testing: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Puskesmas<\/th><td>36<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:7.8261%\"><\/i><\/span><span>7.8%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Hospital<\/th><td>2<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:0.4348%\"><\/i><\/span><span>0.4%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">At home by a village malaria cadre<\/th><td>313<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:68.0435%\"><\/i><\/span><span>68.0%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Puskesmas and home by a cadre<\/th><td>81<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:17.6087%\"><\/i><\/span><span>17.6%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Other<\/th><td>2<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:0.4348%\"><\/i><\/span><span>0.4%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>26<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:5.6522%\"><\/i><\/span><span>5.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">394 respondents (85.7%) mentioned home testing by a cadre, including the combined category. This does not establish test quality, positivity or treatment completion.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C90:C95<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-testing-method\"><h3>Reported malaria examination method<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>460 respondents<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Reported malaria examination method: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">RDT only<\/th><td>410<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:89.1304%\"><\/i><\/span><span>89.1%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Microscopy only<\/th><td>16<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:3.4783%\"><\/i><\/span><span>3.5%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">RDT and microscopy<\/th><td>3<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:0.6522%\"><\/i><\/span><span>0.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No test<\/th><td>8<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:1.7391%\"><\/i><\/span><span>1.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>23<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:5.0000%\"><\/i><\/span><span>5.0%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">410 reported RDT alone; 413 (89.8%) mentioned RDT including combined responses. These are reported methods, not results of tests performed during a prevalence survey.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C82:C86<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-insurance\"><h3>Public health-insurance coverage<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>460 respondents<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Public health-insurance coverage: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">No insurance<\/th><td>25<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:5.4348%\"><\/i><\/span><span>5.4%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">KIS<\/th><td>324<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:70.4348%\"><\/i><\/span><span>70.4%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">BPJS<\/th><td>107<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:23.2609%\"><\/i><\/span><span>23.3%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>4<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:0.8696%\"><\/i><\/span><span>0.9%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">431 respondents (93.7%) reported KIS or BPJS. Insurance and distance are separate aggregate findings; their person-level overlap cannot be calculated.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C122:C125<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-medicine\"><h3>Reported ease of access to malaria medicines<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>460 respondents<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Reported ease of access to malaria medicines: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Easy<\/th><td>220<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:47.8261%\"><\/i><\/span><span>47.8%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Sometimes easy<\/th><td>132<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:28.6957%\"><\/i><\/span><span>28.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Difficult<\/th><td>29<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:6.3043%\"><\/i><\/span><span>6.3%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>79<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:17.1739%\"><\/i><\/span><span>17.2%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">161 respondents selected sometimes easy or difficult. The substantial non-response (79, 17.2%) limits interpretation; stock-outs were not independently audited.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C152:C155<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-cost\"><h3>Reported malaria-treatment costs<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>460 respondents<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Reported malaria-treatment costs: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Free<\/th><td>312<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:67.8261%\"><\/i><\/span><span>67.8%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Below IDR 50,000<\/th><td>46<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:10.0000%\"><\/i><\/span><span>10.0%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">IDR 50,000\u2013100,000<\/th><td>5<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:1.0870%\"><\/i><\/span><span>1.1%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Above IDR 100,000<\/th><td>5<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:1.0870%\"><\/i><\/span><span>1.1%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>92<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:20.0000%\"><\/i><\/span><span>20.0%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">312 respondents reported free treatment. This does not establish that transport, lost work or all other costs were covered; 92 did not answer.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C160:C164<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-night\"><h3>Night-time or early-morning activity<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>460 respondents<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Night-time or early-morning activity: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">No<\/th><td>174<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:37.8261%\"><\/i><\/span><span>37.8%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Yes<\/th><td>283<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:61.5217%\"><\/i><\/span><span>61.5%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>3<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:0.6522%\"><\/i><\/span><span>0.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">283 respondents reported substantial activity at night or early morning. This suggests a need to address outdoor exposure; bites, species and infection risk were not measured.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C231:C233<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-transmission\"><h3>Knowledge of malaria transmission<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>460 respondents<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Knowledge of malaria transmission: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Anopheles bites<\/th><td>325<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:70.6522%\"><\/i><\/span><span>70.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Anopheles bites and needles<\/th><td>1<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:0.2174%\"><\/i><\/span><span>0.2%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Unhealthy or unclean behaviour<\/th><td>8<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:1.7391%\"><\/i><\/span><span>1.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Anopheles bites and unhealthy behaviour<\/th><td>29<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:6.3043%\"><\/i><\/span><span>6.3%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Does not know<\/th><td>91<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:19.7826%\"><\/i><\/span><span>19.8%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>6<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:1.3043%\"><\/i><\/span><span>1.3%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">355 respondents (77.2%) mentioned Anopheles across three categories. The Anopheles-only category is 325\/460 (70.7%). Mentioning the vector does not establish complete understanding.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C36:C41<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-sanitation\"><h3>Usual place of defecation<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>269 households<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Usual place of defecation: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Public toilet<\/th><td>15<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:5.5762%\"><\/i><\/span><span>5.6%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Private indoor toilet<\/th><td>10<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:3.7175%\"><\/i><\/span><span>3.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Private outdoor toilet<\/th><td>90<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:33.4572%\"><\/i><\/span><span>33.5%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Garden or open space<\/th><td>153<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:56.8773%\"><\/i><\/span><span>56.9%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>1<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:0.3717%\"><\/i><\/span><span>0.4%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">Open defecation is an important sanitation and enteric-health concern. It is not proof of malaria causation. Any relation to vector exposure needs local investigation.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C183:C187<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-water\"><h3>Standing water around the home<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>269 households<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Standing water around the home: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">No standing water<\/th><td>215<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:79.9257%\"><\/i><\/span><span>79.9%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standing water present<\/th><td>51<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:18.9591%\"><\/i><\/span><span>19.0%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>3<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:1.1152%\"><\/i><\/span><span>1.1%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">Observed or reported standing water is not equivalent to confirmed vector breeding. Larval identification and local vector ecology are needed.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C78:C80<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-power\"><h3>Access to electricity<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>269 households<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Access to electricity: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">No electricity<\/th><td>135<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:50.1859%\"><\/i><\/span><span>50.2%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">PLN grid<\/th><td>82<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:30.4833%\"><\/i><\/span><span>30.5%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Solar power<\/th><td>46<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:17.1004%\"><\/i><\/span><span>17.1%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Other<\/th><td>3<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:1.1152%\"><\/i><\/span><span>1.1%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>3<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:1.1152%\"><\/i><\/span><span>1.1%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">An infrastructure finding. The study did not measure the effect of electrification on malaria incidence.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C138:C142<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-signal\"><h3>Telephone and internet access<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>269 households<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Telephone and internet access: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">No signal<\/th><td>103<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:38.2900%\"><\/i><\/span><span>38.3%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Reliable phone and internet<\/th><td>33<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:12.2677%\"><\/i><\/span><span>12.3%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Intermittent phone signal<\/th><td>101<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:37.5465%\"><\/i><\/span><span>37.5%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Phone only, no internet<\/th><td>26<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:9.6654%\"><\/i><\/span><span>9.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>6<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:2.2305%\"><\/i><\/span><span>2.2%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">204 households (75.8%) reported no signal or intermittent signal. These conditions matter for communication, but emergency-response times were not measured.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C146:C150<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-history\"><h3>Self-reported previous malaria<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>460 respondents<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Self-reported previous malaria: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Previously had malaria<\/th><td>109<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:23.6957%\"><\/i><\/span><span>23.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Never had malaria<\/th><td>343<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:74.5652%\"><\/i><\/span><span>74.6%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Does not know<\/th><td>2<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:0.4348%\"><\/i><\/span><span>0.4%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>6<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:1.3043%\"><\/i><\/span><span>1.3%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">109 respondents reported ever having malaria. Reported years extend from 2012 to 2025, so this is not a five-year incidence estimate or laboratory-confirmed prevalence.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C60:C63<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-absence\"><h3>Reported absence from work or school<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>460 respondents<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Reported absence from work or school: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Never<\/th><td>245<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:53.2609%\"><\/i><\/span><span>53.3%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Previously absent<\/th><td>118<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:25.6522%\"><\/i><\/span><span>25.7%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">No answer<\/th><td>97<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:21.0870%\"><\/i><\/span><span>21.1%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">118 reported absence attributed to malaria, compared with 109 reporting prior malaria elsewhere. These aggregates cannot be reconciled at person level and should not be treated as a confirmed case cohort.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C177:C179<\/p><\/article><article class=\"um-indicator\" id=\"um-data-absence-days\"><h3>Duration among those reporting absence<\/h3><p class=\"um-denominator\">Denominator: <strong>118 respondents<\/strong> \u00b7 All recorded categories shown<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><caption class=\"um-sr\">Duration among those reporting absence: counts and percentages<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Response<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Count<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Share of denominator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">1\u20133 days<\/th><td>8<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:6.7797%\"><\/i><\/span><span>6.8%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">4\u20137 days<\/th><td>99<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:83.8983%\"><\/i><\/span><span>83.9%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">More than one week<\/th><td>11<\/td><td><span class=\"um-bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i style=\"width:9.3220%\"><\/i><\/span><span>9.3%<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"um-note\">Conditional denominator: 118 respondents reporting absence. 110\/118 (93.2%) reported at least four days. This is recalled disruption, not a medically certified duration of malaria.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Source: supplied Excel workbook \u00b7 Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C183:C185<\/p><\/article><\/div><noscript><p>All indicators are shown below because JavaScript is unavailable.<\/p><\/noscript><p class=\"um-back\"><a href=\"#um-top\">\u2191 Back to navigation<\/a><\/p><\/section>\n<section id=\"um-clinical\" aria-labelledby=\"um-clinical-title\"><p class=\"um-kicker\">Medical interpretation<\/p><h2 id=\"um-clinical-title\">A familiar disease still requires an early diagnosis<\/h2><div class=\"um-columns\"><div><h3>Community testing is a critical point of access<\/h3><p><strong>394 of 460 respondents (85.7%) mentioned malaria testing at home by a village cadre<\/strong>, including 81 who also mentioned a Puskesmas. This is one of the clearest operational strengths in the survey: diagnostic access already reaches homes.<\/p><p>The next questions are whether tests are continuously available, correctly performed, acted on promptly and followed by appropriate treatment or referral. The survey did not audit those steps.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Excel, knowledge module C90:C95 \u00b7 Full report pp. 23\u201324<\/p><\/div><div><h3>Insurance does not describe the whole journey<\/h3><p><strong>431 of 460 respondents (93.7%) reported public insurance<\/strong>, yet 250 reported living more than 5 km from care and 169 reported travel exceeding 30 minutes. These separate findings identify financial protection and physical access as different problems.<\/p><p>We cannot calculate how many insured individuals were also remote from care, because the supplied workbook does not link individual answers.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">Excel, knowledge module C122:C141<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"um-clinical\"><h3>Why timing matters clinically<\/h3><p>Malaria is preventable and treatable, but an untreated <em>P. falciparum<\/em> infection can progress rapidly. WHO recommends parasite-based confirmation of suspected malaria using an RDT or microscopy. Severe symptoms, including impaired consciousness, repeated convulsions or difficulty breathing, require emergency care.<\/p><p>This general clinical context explains why nearby testing and a functioning referral pathway matter. It does not identify the parasite species or severity of any respondent\u2019s previous illness.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/malaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WHO malaria fact sheet<\/a> \u00b7 Clinical context, separate from the study findings<\/p><\/div><h3>Night-time exposure continues outside the net<\/h3><p>283 of 460 respondents (61.5%) reported substantial night-time or early-morning activity. The field report describes farming, water collection and daily routines that take people outside. These accounts support attention to outdoor exposure, but the study did not measure mosquito biting rates or establish which activities caused infection.<\/p><h3>Sanitation findings matter, with a different interpretation<\/h3><p>153 of 269 households (56.9%) reported defecating in gardens or open spaces; 135 (50.2%) lacked electricity. These are substantial health and infrastructure needs. Open defecation is not itself a demonstrated cause of malaria, and the survey did not test whether latrines, electricity or water tanks reduced malaria transmission.<\/p><details><summary>What previous illness and lost work can tell us<\/summary><p>109 of 460 respondents (23.7%) reported ever having malaria; recorded years range from 2012 to 2025. This is neither five-year incidence nor current infection prevalence. Conversely, reporting no previous malaria does not establish absence of previous infection.<\/p><p>118 respondents reported missing work or school because of malaria, with 99 reporting four to seven days and 11 more than one week. The 118 absence reports exceed the 109 prior-malaria reports, so they cannot be interpreted as one internally verified case cohort. The livelihood burden is reported experience, without independently confirmed diagnoses or measured income loss.<\/p><\/details><p class=\"um-back\"><a href=\"#um-top\">\u2191 Back to navigation<\/a><\/p><\/section>\n<section id=\"um-action\" aria-labelledby=\"um-action-title\"><p class=\"um-kicker\">From evidence to action<\/p><h2 id=\"um-action-title\">Six priorities that can be followed and measured<\/h2><p>These priorities follow from the baseline and require local planning. They are proposed actions, not effects already demonstrated by this study.<\/p><details class=\"um-action\" open><summary>1. Make complete net use possible<\/summary><p><strong>Evidence:<\/strong> 86 households reported partial or no net use; 419 individual respondents lacked purchasing capacity.<\/p><p><strong>Practical response:<\/strong> Verify sleeping groups, inspect existing nets, supply suitable insecticide-treated nets where needed and demonstrate correct use and care.<\/p><p><strong>Measure next:<\/strong> Proportion of sleeping groups with an available serviceable net; reported use the previous night.<\/p><\/details><details class=\"um-action\"><summary>2. Keep diagnosis close to households<\/summary><p><strong>Evidence:<\/strong> 394 respondents mentioned home testing by a cadre.<\/p><p><strong>Practical response:<\/strong> Maintain RDT supplies, supportive supervision, result recording and a clear link to treatment and referral.<\/p><p><strong>Measure next:<\/strong> Days without RDT stock; time from fever onset to testing; documented treatment or referral after a positive result.<\/p><\/details><details class=\"um-action\"><summary>3. Assess IRS with the malaria-control team<\/summary><p><strong>Evidence:<\/strong> Only three households reported previous spraying; 66 answers were missing.<\/p><p><strong>Practical response:<\/strong> Review local transmission, vector behaviour, insecticide resistance and operational capacity before defining targeted IRS coverage and timing.<\/p><p><strong>Measure next:<\/strong> Eligible structures sprayed correctly; timing and quality checks; safety and resistance monitoring.<\/p><\/details><details class=\"um-action\"><summary>4. Turn knowledge into practical protection<\/summary><p><strong>Evidence:<\/strong> 182 household-module respondents did not know local breeding sites; 283 individuals reported night-time activity.<\/p><p><strong>Practical response:<\/strong> Use household demonstrations, locally appropriate exposure reduction and insect-screened ventilation that preserves airflow. Investigate potential breeding habitats with vector-control staff.<\/p><p><strong>Measure next:<\/strong> Knowledge demonstrated in practice; verified screening improvements; identified and managed productive vector habitats.<\/p><\/details><details class=\"um-action\"><summary>5. Address travel and affordability together<\/summary><p><strong>Evidence:<\/strong> 250 respondents reported more than 5 km to care; 169 reported journeys exceeding 30 minutes.<\/p><p><strong>Practical response:<\/strong> Plan outreach, referral transport and assistance for households unable to obtain essential prevention or care.<\/p><p><strong>Measure next:<\/strong> Time to first assessment and completed referral; household out-of-pocket costs.<\/p><\/details><details class=\"um-action\"><summary>6. Measure what changes next<\/summary><p><strong>Evidence:<\/strong> The current sources provide a descriptive baseline, without a controlled follow-up.<\/p><p><strong>Practical response:<\/strong> Track laboratory-confirmed cases, population denominators, seasonality, intervention coverage and clinical outcomes prospectively.<\/p><p><strong>Measure next:<\/strong> Confirmed incidence with stable surveillance; severe cases and outcomes; coverage and missing-data trends.<\/p><\/details><p class=\"um-back\"><a href=\"#um-top\">\u2191 Back to navigation<\/a><\/p><\/section>\n<section id=\"um-methods\" aria-labelledby=\"um-methods-title\"><p class=\"um-kicker\">Methods & transparent interpretation<\/p><h2 id=\"um-methods-title\">What was measured, and what remains unknown<\/h2><div class=\"um-columns\"><div><h3>A locally led cross-sectional survey<\/h3><p>Between March and July 2025, trained village cadres and Puskesmas staff collected household\/environmental information and individual knowledge-and-experience responses using the offline-capable Kawan Against Malaria application. The reports describe 269 completed households from a target of 335 across 12 hamlets, and 460 individual interviews.<\/p><p>The 66 uncompleted planned locations included non-residential or out-of-area structures, unoccupied or renovated homes and dwellings lost to fire. The achieved sample should not be assumed representative of all Umalulu or East Sumba residents.<\/p><p class=\"um-source\">IMRaD report, Methods, p. 4<\/p><\/div><div><h3>How this page calculates results<\/h3><p>Counts come from the two aggregate analysis sheets in the supplied workbook. Percentages are recalculated as count \u00f7 displayed denominator \u00d7 100, rounded to one decimal. Missing answers remain explicit and are included in the module denominator, except the clearly labelled absence-duration subset (n=118).<\/p><p>No village-level breakdown, patient-level linkage, confidence interval, causal effect or combined risk score is inferred from these tables. The denominator for household-size responses is 256, so household totals must not be reconstructed as if all 269 had answered.<\/p><\/div><\/div><details><summary>Reconciliation with the published 2025 summaries<\/summary><ul><li><strong>Nets:<\/strong> 182\/269 households reported use by all sleeping groups (67.7%). The shorter reports describe this as sleeping-space coverage; the tables support a household-level result.<\/li><li><strong>Past malaria:<\/strong> 109\/460 answered \u201cever\u201d. Years include 2012\u20132018, so \u201cwithin five years\u201d is not supported for all 109.<\/li><li><strong>Transmission knowledge:<\/strong> 325 mentioned only Anopheles (70.7%); including mixed answers gives 355 (77.2%).<\/li><li><strong>Unscreened ventilation:<\/strong> the workbook records 122; the full narrative prints 121 beside 45.4%. This page uses 122\/269 (45.4%).<\/li><li><strong>Water tanks:<\/strong> 17 affirmative entries, 237 without a tank and 15 unanswered. The 32 remaining households must not all be counted as owners.<\/li><li><strong>IRS:<\/strong> the workbook labels 66 responses \u201cno answer\u201d. These are not classified as verified absence of spraying.<\/li><li><strong>Questionnaire:<\/strong> some English v1.3 categories differ from the final workbook. The explorer uses the recorded table categories and does not invent a complete instrument-to-export mapping.<\/li><\/ul><p>The downloadable originals are retained unchanged. These are transparent clarifications for this web edition, not silent revisions of the signed or controlled reports.<\/p><\/details><details><summary>Clinical and statistical limitations<\/summary><p>The study is descriptive and cross-sectional. Recall, selection, non-response, translation and questionnaire-routing issues may affect results. Reported malaria history was not systematically confirmed by contemporaneous parasitological testing. Test methods do not provide test positivity. The aggregate workbook does not allow deduplication, cross-tabulation or checks of individual response consistency.<\/p><p>Housing, standing water, livestock and sanitation observations do not establish causal effects on malaria. The documents\u2019 August\u2013November seasonality description should be treated as local contextual reporting until checked against dated, confirmed surveillance data. No prevented deaths, transmission reduction or treatment-success rate is estimated here.<\/p><\/details><details><summary>Consent, contributions and funding<\/summary><p>The IMRaD report states that local authorities coordinated the survey and verbal informed consent was obtained from adults, or guardians for minors. It reports removal of direct identifiers from the analysis dataset. The supplied aggregate workbook is not an individual patient dataset. No independent ethics-committee approval number is provided in the supplied reports.<\/p><p>Fair Future Foundation and Kawan Baik Indonesia worked with Umalulu village authorities, Melolo Puskesmas, the East Sumba District Health Office, PERDHAKI and the local enumerator team. Funding and support are credited to Australian Rotarians Against Malaria, the Rotary Club of Mandurah Districts, Rotary partners and Fair Future Foundation. The source reports declare no competing interests.<\/p><\/details><p class=\"um-back\"><a href=\"#um-top\">\u2191 Back to navigation<\/a><\/p><\/section>\n<section id=\"um-documents\" aria-labelledby=\"um-documents-title\"><p class=\"um-kicker\">Read the full evidence<\/p><h2 id=\"um-documents-title\">The reports, questionnaire and source tables<\/h2><p>Six original documents accompany this web report. Read the scientific summary, inspect the detailed field narrative or check the counts in the supplied spreadsheet.<\/p><div class=\"um-documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/documentation\/projects\/malaria\/2025-umalulu-study\/2025-07-30-Umalulu-Report-ENG.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Full field report \u2197<\/strong><span>46-page narrative report \u00b7 July 2025<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/documentation\/projects\/malaria\/2025-umalulu-study\/2025-08-12-Umalulu-Report-IMRaD-ENG.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Scientific IMRaD report \u2197<\/strong><span>Methods, results, discussion and limitations<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/documentation\/projects\/malaria\/2025-umalulu-study\/ARAM-Umalulu-Final-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>ARAM final report \u2197<\/strong><span>Partner report and AUD financial summary<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/documentation\/projects\/malaria\/2025-umalulu-study\/2025-Umalulu-Study-Questionaire-English-V.1.3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Survey questionnaire \u2197<\/strong><span>English instrument \u00b7 version 1.3<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/documentation\/projects\/malaria\/2025-umalulu-study\/2025-Umalulu-Study-Financial-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Financial report \u2197<\/strong><span>Original income and expenditure statement \u00b7 IDR<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/fairfuturefoundation.org\/documentation\/projects\/malaria\/2025-umalulu-study\/2025-Umalulu-Study-Raw-Database.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Survey tables (Excel) \u2197<\/strong><span>Aggregated tables supplied under the original \u201cRaw Database\u201d filename<\/span><\/a><\/div><details><summary>Financial transparency: original IDR statement<\/summary><p>The original financial report records income and expenditure of <strong>IDR 135,717,860<\/strong>. Category amounts below sum to that expenditure total. This is the supplied statement; this page does not assert an independent financial audit.<\/p><div class=\"um-table-wrap\"><table><thead><tr><th>Expenditure category<\/th><th>IDR<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Human resources<\/th><td>10,000,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Field operations<\/th><td>39,709,250<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tools and materials, including nets and logistics<\/th><td>53,107,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Data management<\/th><td>26,230,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Education and socialisation<\/th><td>6,360,131<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Administration<\/th><td>311,479<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p>The ARAM document also provides an AUD summary with different category allocations. It is linked separately; the two statements have not been treated as directly reconciled currency conversions.<\/p><\/details><details><summary>Plain-language glossary<\/summary><dl><dt>RDT<\/dt><dd>A rapid diagnostic test used to detect malaria parasite antigens.<\/dd><dt>IRS<\/dt><dd>Indoor residual spraying: applying an approved residual insecticide to appropriate indoor surfaces.<\/dd><dt>LLIN \/ ITN<\/dt><dd>An insecticide-treated mosquito net. Protection depends on access, use, condition and the suitability of the product.<\/dd><dt>Cadre \/ kader<\/dt><dd>A trained community health worker or volunteer; here, village malaria cadres help bring testing to homes.<\/dd><dt>Puskesmas \/ Pustu<\/dt><dd>A government primary-care centre \/ its auxiliary health post.<\/dd><dt>Denominator<\/dt><dd>The number of households or respondents used to calculate a percentage.<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><p class=\"um-source\">Web edition 1.0 \u00b7 20 September 2026 \u00b7 Based on the supplied 2025 reports and aggregate workbook. Descriptive reanalysis and source reconciliation are stated above.<\/p><p><a href=\"\/contact-us\/\">Contact Fair Future about this study<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"\/sumba-sepsis-study-2026-results\/\">Explore the Sumba Sepsis Study 2026<\/a><\/p><p class=\"um-back\"><a href=\"#um-top\">\u2191 Back to navigation<\/a><\/p><\/section>\n<\/div><script type=\"application\/json\" id=\"um-json\">[{\"id\": \"affordability\", \"title\": \"Can families afford nets or antimalarial medicines?\", \"group\": \"Care & costs\", \"n\": 460, \"unit\": \"respondents\", \"rows\": [[\"Not enough money\", 419], [\"Enough money\", 26], [\"No answer\", 15]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C169:C171\", \"note\": \"This combined question does not separate the affordability of nets from medicines. It does not show that 91.1% went without treatment.\"}, {\"id\": \"nets\", \"title\": \"Mosquito-net use within households\", \"group\": \"Protection\", \"n\": 269, \"unit\": \"households\", \"rows\": [[\"All sleeping groups use nets\", 182], [\"Some, but not all, use nets\", 74], [\"No net use\", 12], [\"No answer\", 1]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C162:C165\", \"note\": \"These categories count households. The 693 sleeping spaces reported in the narrative are not the denominator. Net use is reported, not directly measured protection.\"}, {\"id\": \"irs\", \"title\": \"Previous indoor residual spraying (IRS)\", \"group\": \"Protection\", \"n\": 269, \"unit\": \"households\", \"rows\": [[\"Previously sprayed\", 3], [\"Never sprayed\", 200], [\"No answer\", 66]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C155:C157\", \"note\": \"Three households reported government spraying, more than six months previously. The 66 missing answers must not be classified as never sprayed. This is not a measure of current insecticide effectiveness.\"}, {\"id\": \"ventilation\", \"title\": \"Ventilation and mosquito screening\", \"group\": \"Housing & environment\", \"n\": 269, \"unit\": \"households\", \"rows\": [[\"Screened ventilation\", 28], [\"Unscreened ventilation\", 122], [\"Open roof-wall gaps\", 81], [\"Closed gaps, no ventilation\", 24], [\"Other\", 3], [\"No answer\", 11]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C69:C74\", \"note\": \"Unscreened ventilation and open roof-wall gaps together account for 203 households (75.5%). No entomological measurement establishes how many infections resulted.\"}, {\"id\": \"breeding\", \"title\": \"Knowledge of local mosquito breeding sites\", \"group\": \"Knowledge & exposure\", \"n\": 269, \"unit\": \"households\", \"rows\": [[\"Knows\", 81], [\"Does not know\", 182], [\"No answer\", 6]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C131:C133\", \"note\": \"Household-module answers. This is a reported knowledge question, not a formal ecological assessment or a count of confirmed Anopheles breeding sites.\"}, {\"id\": \"net-duration\", \"title\": \"How long households reported using their nets\", \"group\": \"Protection\", \"n\": 269, \"unit\": \"households\", \"rows\": [[\"Less than six months\", 7], [\"Six months to one year\", 3], [\"More than one year\", 250], [\"No answer\", 9]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C169:C172\", \"note\": \"Duration of reported net use does not measure fabric integrity, residual insecticide activity or the age of every individual net. More than one year does not by itself mean a net is ineffective.\"}, {\"id\": \"net-washing\", \"title\": \"Knowledge of how to wash mosquito nets\", \"group\": \"Protection\", \"n\": 269, \"unit\": \"households\", \"rows\": [[\"Knows\", 119], [\"Does not know\", 145], [\"No answer\", 5]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C177:C179\", \"note\": \"Self-reported knowledge; washing technique and insecticide retention were not tested.\"}, {\"id\": \"distance\", \"title\": \"Distance to the nearest health facility\", \"group\": \"Care & costs\", \"n\": 460, \"unit\": \"respondents\", \"rows\": [[\"Less than 1 km\", 14], [\"1\u20135 km\", 188], [\"More than 5 km\", 250], [\"No answer\", 8]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C130:C133\", \"note\": \"Reported distance, not a measured journey or a demonstrated delay in receiving malaria treatment.\"}, {\"id\": \"travel\", \"title\": \"Travel time to a health facility\", \"group\": \"Care & costs\", \"n\": 460, \"unit\": \"respondents\", \"rows\": [[\"Less than 15 minutes\", 43], [\"15\u201330 minutes\", 239], [\"More than 30 minutes\", 169], [\"No answer\", 9]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C138:C141\", \"note\": \"408 respondents (88.7%) reported at least 15 minutes. Time excludes any unmeasured wait for transport, consultation or referral.\"}, {\"id\": \"testing-place\", \"title\": \"Where people reported malaria testing\", \"group\": \"Diagnosis\", \"n\": 460, \"unit\": \"respondents\", \"rows\": [[\"Puskesmas\", 36], [\"Hospital\", 2], [\"At home by a village malaria cadre\", 313], [\"Puskesmas and home by a cadre\", 81], [\"Other\", 2], [\"No answer\", 26]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C90:C95\", \"note\": \"394 respondents (85.7%) mentioned home testing by a cadre, including the combined category. This does not establish test quality, positivity or treatment completion.\"}, {\"id\": \"testing-method\", \"title\": \"Reported malaria examination method\", \"group\": \"Diagnosis\", \"n\": 460, \"unit\": \"respondents\", \"rows\": [[\"RDT only\", 410], [\"Microscopy only\", 16], [\"RDT and microscopy\", 3], [\"No test\", 8], [\"No answer\", 23]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C82:C86\", \"note\": \"410 reported RDT alone; 413 (89.8%) mentioned RDT including combined responses. These are reported methods, not results of tests performed during a prevalence survey.\"}, {\"id\": \"insurance\", \"title\": \"Public health-insurance coverage\", \"group\": \"Care & costs\", \"n\": 460, \"unit\": \"respondents\", \"rows\": [[\"No insurance\", 25], [\"KIS\", 324], [\"BPJS\", 107], [\"No answer\", 4]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C122:C125\", \"note\": \"431 respondents (93.7%) reported KIS or BPJS. Insurance and distance are separate aggregate findings; their person-level overlap cannot be calculated.\"}, {\"id\": \"medicine\", \"title\": \"Reported ease of access to malaria medicines\", \"group\": \"Care & costs\", \"n\": 460, \"unit\": \"respondents\", \"rows\": [[\"Easy\", 220], [\"Sometimes easy\", 132], [\"Difficult\", 29], [\"No answer\", 79]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C152:C155\", \"note\": \"161 respondents selected sometimes easy or difficult. The substantial non-response (79, 17.2%) limits interpretation; stock-outs were not independently audited.\"}, {\"id\": \"cost\", \"title\": \"Reported malaria-treatment costs\", \"group\": \"Care & costs\", \"n\": 460, \"unit\": \"respondents\", \"rows\": [[\"Free\", 312], [\"Below IDR 50,000\", 46], [\"IDR 50,000\u2013100,000\", 5], [\"Above IDR 100,000\", 5], [\"No answer\", 92]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C160:C164\", \"note\": \"312 respondents reported free treatment. This does not establish that transport, lost work or all other costs were covered; 92 did not answer.\"}, {\"id\": \"night\", \"title\": \"Night-time or early-morning activity\", \"group\": \"Knowledge & exposure\", \"n\": 460, \"unit\": \"respondents\", \"rows\": [[\"No\", 174], [\"Yes\", 283], [\"No answer\", 3]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C231:C233\", \"note\": \"283 respondents reported substantial activity at night or early morning. This suggests a need to address outdoor exposure; bites, species and infection risk were not measured.\"}, {\"id\": \"transmission\", \"title\": \"Knowledge of malaria transmission\", \"group\": \"Knowledge & exposure\", \"n\": 460, \"unit\": \"respondents\", \"rows\": [[\"Anopheles bites\", 325], [\"Anopheles bites and needles\", 1], [\"Unhealthy or unclean behaviour\", 8], [\"Anopheles bites and unhealthy behaviour\", 29], [\"Does not know\", 91], [\"No answer\", 6]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C36:C41\", \"note\": \"355 respondents (77.2%) mentioned Anopheles across three categories. The Anopheles-only category is 325\/460 (70.7%). Mentioning the vector does not establish complete understanding.\"}, {\"id\": \"sanitation\", \"title\": \"Usual place of defecation\", \"group\": \"Housing & environment\", \"n\": 269, \"unit\": \"households\", \"rows\": [[\"Public toilet\", 15], [\"Private indoor toilet\", 10], [\"Private outdoor toilet\", 90], [\"Garden or open space\", 153], [\"No answer\", 1]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C183:C187\", \"note\": \"Open defecation is an important sanitation and enteric-health concern. It is not proof of malaria causation. Any relation to vector exposure needs local investigation.\"}, {\"id\": \"water\", \"title\": \"Standing water around the home\", \"group\": \"Housing & environment\", \"n\": 269, \"unit\": \"households\", \"rows\": [[\"No standing water\", 215], [\"Standing water present\", 51], [\"No answer\", 3]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C78:C80\", \"note\": \"Observed or reported standing water is not equivalent to confirmed vector breeding. Larval identification and local vector ecology are needed.\"}, {\"id\": \"power\", \"title\": \"Access to electricity\", \"group\": \"Housing & environment\", \"n\": 269, \"unit\": \"households\", \"rows\": [[\"No electricity\", 135], [\"PLN grid\", 82], [\"Solar power\", 46], [\"Other\", 3], [\"No answer\", 3]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C138:C142\", \"note\": \"An infrastructure finding. The study did not measure the effect of electrification on malaria incidence.\"}, {\"id\": \"signal\", \"title\": \"Telephone and internet access\", \"group\": \"Housing & environment\", \"n\": 269, \"unit\": \"households\", \"rows\": [[\"No signal\", 103], [\"Reliable phone and internet\", 33], [\"Intermittent phone signal\", 101], [\"Phone only, no internet\", 26], [\"No answer\", 6]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Lingkungan \u00b7 C146:C150\", \"note\": \"204 households (75.8%) reported no signal or intermittent signal. These conditions matter for communication, but emergency-response times were not measured.\"}, {\"id\": \"history\", \"title\": \"Self-reported previous malaria\", \"group\": \"Illness & livelihoods\", \"n\": 460, \"unit\": \"respondents\", \"rows\": [[\"Previously had malaria\", 109], [\"Never had malaria\", 343], [\"Does not know\", 2], [\"No answer\", 6]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C60:C63\", \"note\": \"109 respondents reported ever having malaria. Reported years extend from 2012 to 2025, so this is not a five-year incidence estimate or laboratory-confirmed prevalence.\"}, {\"id\": \"absence\", \"title\": \"Reported absence from work or school\", \"group\": \"Illness & livelihoods\", \"n\": 460, \"unit\": \"respondents\", \"rows\": [[\"Never\", 245], [\"Previously absent\", 118], [\"No answer\", 97]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C177:C179\", \"note\": \"118 reported absence attributed to malaria, compared with 109 reporting prior malaria elsewhere. These aggregates cannot be reconciled at person level and should not be treated as a confirmed case cohort.\"}, {\"id\": \"absence-days\", \"title\": \"Duration among those reporting absence\", \"group\": \"Illness & livelihoods\", \"n\": 118, \"unit\": \"respondents\", \"rows\": [[\"1\u20133 days\", 8], [\"4\u20137 days\", 99], [\"More than one week\", 11]], \"source\": \"Analisa Data Pengetahuan Malari \u00b7 C183:C185\", \"note\": \"Conditional denominator: 118 respondents reporting absence. 110\/118 (93.2%) reported at least four days. 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