Glossary of Humanitarian and Medical Terms

Fair Future: A Swiss Humanitarian Organization Dedicated to Medical and Social Action

Fair Future is a Swiss foundation (Federal Number: CH-550.1.057.027-8) dedicated to delivering medical and social assistance where it is needed most. Since 2008, the organization has worked tirelessly to provide life-saving aid to tens of thousands of people, particularly in ultra-rural regions of Indonesia where access to healthcare, clean water, and basic infrastructure is nonexistent.

Fair Future is more than an aid organization; it is a movement for change. By working directly in the field, the foundation not only offers immediate relief but also gains first-hand knowledge of the daily struggles of vulnerable communities. This direct engagement allows Fair Future to advocate for systemic change, highlight inequalities, and develop innovative solutions to break the cycle of poverty and preventable diseases.

The foundation operates with an unwavering commitment to action, bringing medical care, clean water, nutrition, and education to those who have been left behind. Through its hands-on approach, Fair Future shines a light on the harsh realities of ultra-rural life and works to build sustainable, long-term solutions for a better future.

Why ZEWO certification is essential for Fair Future

For Fair Future, obtaining ZEWO certification is more than recognition; it's a strategic and moral milestone. It confirms that we manage donations and field activities with rigour, transparency, and efficiency.

ZEWO certification sets high standards. Every donated franc must be used efficiently; administrative costs need to remain low. Communication must be honest and verifiable, and we must report regularly and transparently. This rigorous process will audit our governance, structure, projects, and financial management.

We are pursuing this process now because, after over fifteen years of impactful work and proven ability to transform donations into vital actions, it's essential to deepen our commitment to our donors, partners, and families we support.
We must demonstrate that our model, with no salaries and over 93% of funds directly invested in the field, not only stands out but also meets the highest standards recognised in Switzerland and beyond.

Achieving ZEWO certification will signal that Fair Future honours its humanitarian, ethical, and financial obligations to all who trust us. This will enhance our credibility, ease future dealings with institutional partners, and reassure donors about the effectiveness of their generosity.

The path ahead may be long—possibly months or a year—but we are determined to embark on it, understanding that it will strengthen our impact on those who need it most.

Thank you for believing in our work and being part of this unique adventure.

Alex Wettstein, for Fair Future Foundation

The Chain of Care – From Donation to Patient – 15 Essential Insights

1. Every Franc Counts: Behind each donation lies the power to heal someone who would otherwise go untreated.
2. Direct Funding: Fair Future’s model ensures donations go directly to field programmes, not administration.
3. Transparency: Every transaction is traceable, from Switzerland to the smallest village clinic.
4. Procurement: Medicines, tools, and supplies are purchased locally whenever possible to support regional economies.
5. Logistics: Reaching ultra-rural areas involves crossing rivers, mountains, and unpaved roads; your donation travels a great distance.
6. Empowerment: Funds help train Kawan Sehat health agents to diagnose, treat, and prevent illness.
7. Continuity: Regular funding ensures that medicine stocks are full and health services are consistent.
8. Equality: Each franc helps reach patients who are invisible to national healthcare systems.
9. Speed: Direct funding means no waiting for bureaucratic approval—care begins immediately.
10. Impact: 93% of funds are directly allocated to field actions, one of the highest rates worldwide.
11. Resilience: Sustainable funding builds systems that endure beyond a single project or crisis.
12. Innovation: Every donation fuels creative solutions, like mobile clinics, solar lighting, and rainwater systems.
13. Accountability: Donors can see results—real faces, healed wounds, safe births, lives preserved.
14. Real Solution: A donation isn’t a promise; it’s a tangible act that becomes health and dignity.
15. Full Circle: When a patient smiles again, that is where your donation's journey ends, and begins anew.

The Power of Giving: A Force for Personal and Social Transformation

• Creates Positive Impact – Giving supports actions that directly improve lives and solve real-world problems.
• Builds Empathy – Giving helps you connect emotionally with others, fostering compassion and mutual understanding.
• Strengthens Communities – Giving unites people around common goals, creating networks of support and resilience.
• Inspires Generosity – Acts of giving inspire others to contribute, creating a ripple effect of kindness and generosity.
• Promotes Social Change – Giving drives initiatives that address inequalities, poverty, and other social injustices.
• Enhances Well-being – Studies have shown that giving boosts happiness and life satisfaction by activating pleasure pathways in the brain.
• Reduces Loneliness – Connecting through giving reduces isolation, fostering a sense of belonging and community.
• Supports Mental Health – Acts of kindness and generosity have been shown to reduce stress and enhance mental well-being.
• Creates a Legacy – Giving creates a positive impact that outlives the giver, making a lasting difference for future generations.
• Builds Trust – Giving promotes trust, collaboration, and cooperation within families, communities, and organizations.
• Improves Financial Efficiency – Strategic giving to effective organisations maximises impact and makes donations more effective and valuable.
• Strengthens Personal Values – Giving aligns with and reinforces personal values, such as compassion, generosity, and fairness.
• Fosters Gratitude – The act of giving cultivates a sense of gratitude for what you have and for the opportunity to make a difference.
• Bridges Divides – Giving connects people from different backgrounds, fostering mutual respect and understanding.
• Creates a Culture of Generosity – A giving mindset transforms society, promoting a culture where helping others becomes the norm.

What Are Quick News?

Quick News are short, real-time updates about what Fair Future is doing right now. They highlight important actions, new projects, partnerships, and progress updates, often without requiring a full article—though some topics may be expanded later.

This category exists to keep you informed about our daily work, offering bite-sized insights into our actions on the ground. Every Quick News post reflects our commitment to transparency, showing you where resources go, what challenges we face, and how we respond.

Whether it’s a medical mission, a new initiative, or an urgent need, Quick News lets you stay connected to our work, in real-time. We invite you to follow these updates—because every action, big or small, makes a difference!

The Report in 15 Points – 2024 Summary

• In 2024, Fair Future celebrated 15 years of humanitarian action in Indonesia, with no Swiss staff—only field-based volunteers.
• We focused on the poorest areas, especially East Sumba, where access to clean water, healthcare, and education is minimal or nonexistent.
• Twenty-one Kawan Sehat agents treated over 800 patients monthly with complete medical kits and training in 15 essential care modules.
• The Primary Medical Care program became a unique and recognised model, supported by local health authorities in East Sumba.
• We built four 5,300L ferrocement tanks in Laindatang and planned a 115m³ reservoir after nine months of unsuccessful drilling.
• For the first time, we installed handwashing stations and toilets in a school, changing hygiene practices for dozens of children.
• Three mixed-gender sanitation blocks were constructed to enhance hygiene for pregnant women and girls, thereby reducing the risk of malaria and polio.
• A new nutrition program was developed through community workshops, a food pyramid tool, shared meals, and small village gardens.
• We prepared and secured 2,224 SolarBuddy lamps, 300 of which were distributed to four schools that lacked electricity.
• The new Truck & Load was purchased and used for logistics and water-related transport, travelling thousands of kilometres off-road.
• The Truck of Life, our 4x4 medical ambulance, was repaired and resumed missions, delivering urgent care and medical equipment.
• Our health education efforts expanded with the creation of nine visual posters on hygiene, addiction, nutrition, and life-saving practices.
• These posters were printed on fabric, and our 150-page Kawan Sehat field manual was fully updated and reprinted.
• Rumah Kambera, our base camp, hosted all logistics and trainings, but must be replaced by a new medical base in 2025.
• In 2025, our priorities are to save the PMC program, expand water access, build a new field HQ, and achieve ZEWO certification.

Christmas on the Ground – What It Truly Means for Fair Future

• Presence: Christmas means staying on the ground with communities, when needs do not pause for celebrations or distance.
• Care: For us, Christmas is about continuing to treat, listen to, and protect health when illness and poverty do not take holidays.
• Reality: Christmas is facing reality as it is, not as we wish it to be, and responding with concrete medical and social solutions.
• Dignity: It means restoring dignity through care, water, education, and respect for people often left unseen and unheard.
• Continuity: Christmas is ensuring that programmes do not stop, that medicines arrive, and that support remains constant.
• Equity: It reminds us that health, water, and education should never depend on geography or income.
• Responsibility: Christmas is accepting responsibility for lives entrusted to us, without excuses or symbolic gestures.
• Humanity: It is sharing simple moments with families who have little yet give everything they have to one another.
• Commitment: Christmas reinforces our long-term commitment, not seasonal charity, but sustained presence year after year.
• Listening: It means listening more than speaking, letting communities guide solutions that fit their real needs.
• Action: Christmas is action on the ground, not words, ensuring help reaches those who cannot wait.
• Education: It represents passing knowledge forward, empowering children and families to protect their health and future.
• Solidarity: Christmas connects supporters and communities through trust, transparency, and shared responsibility.
• Humility: It reminds us that we serve alongside people, not above them, learning as much as we teach.
• Meaning: For us, Christmas is not a date but a daily choice to stand where life is fragile and act accordingly.

Our story: a journey of heart, sweat and unwavering dedication.

Our journey at Fair Future Foundation has been fueled by determination and an unwavering commitment to driving impactful change. Since we began our work in Indonesia in 2006, my goal (Alex speaks) has been to create a lasting legacy of sustainability and meaningful interventions. Today, our reach extends across borders, touching Southeast Asia's remote and often overlooked regions with a strong presence in the eastern provinces of Indonesia, where needs have evolved into complex emergencies.

The core of our work goes beyond individual actions; it is a story of resilience and vision. Since 2006, every health facility has been built, medical units have been deployed, sanitation systems have been installed, water wells have been drilled, and people have been treated, which represents a chapter in this larger narrative. It weaves together all our efforts to uplift marginalized communities and enhance their collective futures.

Since 2008, our advocacy efforts have directly assisted hundreds of thousands and indirectly influenced countless more, highlighting the profound impact of our commitment to ultra-rural communities in Southeast Asia. These often-overlooked regions exemplify the fulfilment of our mission, which focuses on making incremental changes and fundamentally transforming daily life for individuals and whole communities.

Fair Future is fundamentally a blend of shared aspirations and joint efforts—a gathering of "good friends," so to speak. Our outstanding team and steadfast partners create a dynamic combination of strategy and creativity that leads to health, education, and emergency relief initiatives. Each project aims not only to deliver essential services but also to transform the medical, educational, and social systems that influence the quality of life for those we assist.

Our vision transcends simple acts of charity, venturing into the realm of possibility and exploring what can be achieved. Our mission, though challenging, inspires an unwavering determination to turn the impossible into reality.

Thank you for reading us. Today, January, the 3rd, 2025 – Alex Wettstein

What Is "Picture of the Day"?

The Picture of the Day is exactly what it sounds like—a single photo that tells a powerful story. Though we don’t publish one every day, each image captures a moment that moved us, something raw, emotional, and real.

It could be a person, a family’s struggle, an object with deep meaning, a medical situation, a project taking shape, or simply a glimpse into our daily life in the field. Some photos highlight challenges we’ve tackled, while others reveal urgent needs where your support can make a difference.

This section isn’t just about photography—it’s about emotion, impact, and action. Each Picture of the Day invites you to see what we see, feel what we feel, and understand the realities we face every day.

Our Swiss Humanitarian Expertise – 15 Pillars of Action

1. Sixteen Years in the Field – Over 16 years of continuous work in remote Indonesia, delivering lasting solutions to communities lacking doctors, clean water, and infrastructure.
2. Swiss Precision – Applying Swiss standards of accuracy, timing, and transparency in every action, ensuring quality and dependability in extreme environments.
3. Built to Last – Creating reservoirs, medical kits, and solar lamps designed to be sturdy, resistant, and simple for communities to maintain independently.
4. Local Employment – Employing local staff solely to create jobs, preserve skills, and ensure resources remain within the community for lasting impact.
5. Solutions Over Hope – Prioritising practical, measurable actions over passive optimism to quickly and effectively meet urgent needs.
6. Proven Models – Inspired by Swiss humanitarian pioneers like the Red Cross, using collaborative decision-making and inclusive planning for each project.
7. Education at the Core – Concentrating on teaching disease prevention, resource management, and technical skills to empower communities long after intervention.
8. Precise Logistics – Managing operations with accuracy, ensuring timely delivery of medical supplies, water systems, and infrastructure to remote locations.
9. 93% to the Field – Committing over 93% of donations directly to field projects, without expatriate salaries and with minimal administrative costs.
10. Respect for Culture – Engaging with communities, tailoring each project to fit local customs and needs to gain acceptance and ensure long-term success.
11. Full Accountability – Offering transparent reporting to donors, partners, and communities, with honest and precise measurement of results.
12. Reaching the Unreachable – Providing aid to isolated villages beyond the reach of traditional humanitarian systems, even when road access is unavailable.
13. Sustainable Development – Combining aid with long-term resilience strategies to ensure each action strengthens community sustainability over time.
14. Self-Reliance – Developing systems communities can repair themselves to reduce dependency and foster independence.
15. Rapid Response – Responding swiftly to crises, from broken pumps to health emergencies, with efficient, field-tested solutions.

What Carries Us Forward – The Values That Keep Us Acting Together

• Continuity: A new year does not reset needs. Care must continue, day after day, where life remains fragile and unresolved.
• Togetherness: Being together means standing with others even when distance, culture, or hardship tries to separate us.
• Care: Care is not seasonal. It is a daily decision to protect health, dignity, and life without waiting for better times.
• Presence: True presence means staying, listening, and acting where attention usually fades once headlines move on.
• Responsibility: We move forward by accepting responsibility for people we may never meet but whose lives depend on action.
• Humanity: Humanity lives in simple acts, shared meals, kind words, and the refusal to look away from suffering.
• Peace: Peace begins locally when communities feel safe, cared for, and supported in their most basic needs.
• Love: Love is practical. It shows itself through medicine delivered, water secured, and children protected.
• Solidarity: Solidarity connects strangers through shared values, turning concern into concrete, sustained action.
• Equity: A better world means refusing that health, education, or safety depend on where someone is born.
• Hope: We do not wait for hope. We create direction through steady work, even when progress feels slow.
• Commitment: Commitment is measured in years, not moments, and grows stronger through consistency.
• Trust: Trust is built when words align with actions and promises turn into measurable impact on the ground.
• Meaning: Meaning is found when effort improves real lives, not when it merely sounds good.
• Future: The future takes shape when we choose, together, to improve the world one concrete step at a time.

How to Contact Us? It's Simple!

Reaching out to Fair Future is easy! Whether you have a question, want to collaborate, volunteer, or simply learn more about our work, there are multiple ways to connect with us:

• Email: The most direct and efficient way—find our contact emails on our Contact Page and write to us anytime.
• Phone & WhatsApp: Need a quick response? Call or message us via WhatsApp for direct communication.
  • +41 (79) 631 29 69
  • +62 (62) 8 7777 3333 84
• Social Media: Stay updated and engage with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter (X), and LinkedIn. Send us a DM or comment—we’re listening!
• Website: Visit our site, explore our projects, and fill out the contact form to reach the right team.

Whatever your inquiry—partnerships, donations, volunteering, or fieldwork—we are here to listen and respond. Your voice matters!

How Do Your Donations Reach Indonesia?

When you donate to Fair Future Foundation’s Swiss bank accounts, the funds are carefully managed to ensure maximum impact. When a program in Indonesia requires funding, we use Wise, a fast, secure, and transparent payment system.

This allows us to transfer specific amounts for each project or purchase, ensuring traceability and accountability. Every transaction generates a clear financial record, maintaining full transparency and facilitating accurate accounting.

To optimize resources, we transfer funds from our Swiss account (BCV) to our Indonesian foundation, Kawan Baik Indonesia, only when exchange rates are favorable—ideally between 17,000 and 18,000 IDR per CHF. This careful strategy helps maximize the impact of every donation, supporting our mission while ensuring the foundation's financial stability both in Switzerland and Indonesia.

Fifteen Realities of Daily Care in East Sumba

1. Health agents often walk for hours, carrying backpacks filled with medicine, bandages, and nets, as no roads or vehicles reach the families they serve.
2. A wound is washed with boiled water and soap, then covered with a clean cloth, not because it is ideal, but because antiseptics are miles away.
3. Mothers learn to recognise signs of dehydration, counting their child’s breaths in the dark to decide whether to call for urgent help.
4. When malaria strikes, families rely on a mosquito net provided months earlier, knowing it may be their only real defence against infection.
5. A ferro-cement water tank built by villagers becomes a school’s most valuable health tool, reducing diarrhoeal disease rates within weeks.
6. A child does homework under a solar lamp instead of by candlelight, avoiding burns and smoke while gaining precious study hours.
7. Newborns are kept warm and safe thanks to basic training in neonatal care, replacing dangerous traditional practices with simple science.
8. Nutrition posters are explained in classrooms, teaching children that vegetables and clean water are as vital as rice for growth.
9. A handwashing station with soap becomes a game-changer in schools, where kids touch taps and laugh, discovering hygiene for the first time.
10. Every aspirin, thermometer, or blood pressure cuff has crossed seas and rough terrain, carried by trucks and boats to reach the last mile.
11. Families reuse medical posters as teaching tools, hanging them in their kitchens to remind everyone about malaria prevention or safe cooking practices.
12. A community meeting under a tree doubles as a health class, where neighbours learn how to treat wounds, fevers, and coughs together.
13. The absence of electricity turns every solar lamp into more than light—it becomes a safeguard for safe births and nighttime fevers.
14. Training sessions give women the skills once reserved for doctors, empowering them to diagnose, treat, and save lives in their villages.
15. Each day ends with a simple truth: survival here is built not on miracles, but on shared effort, basic tools, and relentless presence.

Essential Medical Terms for Eye Health and Vision Care

• UV Rays: Invisible radiation from the sun that can harm eyes and skin, leading to cataracts, macular degeneration, and other damage.
• Macular Degeneration: A condition causing loss of central vision due to damage to the retina's central part, often linked to aging or UV exposure.
• Cataracts: Clouding of the eye's lens, leading to blurry vision, often caused by UV exposure or aging.
• Digital Eye Strain: A condition caused by prolonged screen use, leading to symptoms like dryness, headaches, and blurred vision.
• Glaucoma: A group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, often caused by increased pressure in the eye, leading to vision loss.
• Diabetic Retinopathy: A diabetes-related eye disease where damaged blood vessels in the retina cause vision problems.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Essential nutrients found in fish that support retinal health and reduce dry eye symptoms.
• Tear Production: The process of creating tears to keep the eyes moist, protect against infection, and maintain comfort.
• Optic Nerve Damage: Injury or disease affecting the nerve that transmits visual signals from the eye to the brain, potentially causing vision loss.
• Night Blindness: Difficulty seeing in low light, often caused by vitamin A deficiency or retinal conditions.
• Routine Eye Exams: Regular checkups to detect and prevent eye diseases like glaucoma or cataracts before symptoms appear.
• Inflammation: The body’s response to injury or irritants, which in the eyes can lead to chronic conditions or discomfort.
• Antioxidants: Substances like vitamins C and E that protect cells, including those in the eyes, from damage caused by free radicals.
• Retina: The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, crucial for vision, often affected by conditions like macular degeneration.

Lexicon of 15 Key Terms Related to Malaria

• Malaria – A life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes.
• Plasmodium – The genus of parasites responsible for malaria; the five species affecting humans are P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi.
• Anopheles Mosquito – The primary vector of malaria; only female Anopheles mosquitoes can transmit the parasite.
• Endemic – A term describing a disease regularly found in a particular region or population, such as malaria in tropical and subtropical areas.
• Transmission – The process by which malaria spreads from an infected mosquito to humans through a bite.
• Incubation Period – The time between infection and the appearance of symptoms, typically ranging from 7 to 30 days, depending on the Plasmodium species.
• Symptoms – Common signs of malaria include fever, chills, sweating, headache, muscle pain, nausea, and in severe cases, organ failure or coma.
• Severe Malaria – A life-threatening stage of malaria that can cause complications like cerebral malaria, anemia, respiratory distress, and organ failure.
• Cerebral Malaria – A severe form of malaria affecting the brain, leading to seizures, coma, and potential long-term neurological damage.
• Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) – A simple test used to detect malaria parasites in a blood sample, often used in remote areas with limited laboratory access.
• Antimalarial Treatment – Medications used to treat malaria, including artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), chloroquine, and primaquine.
• Drug Resistance – The reduced effectiveness of malaria treatments, particularly P. falciparum resistance to chloroquine and artemisinin in some regions.
• Vector Control – Methods to reduce mosquito populations and prevent malaria, including insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS).
• Malaria Prevention – Strategies to reduce infection include using mosquito nets, taking prophylactic medications, and eliminating breeding grounds.
• Elimination & Eradication – Elimination refers to reducing malaria cases to zero in a specific region, while eradication is the global, permanent end of malaria transmission.

15 Major Health Issues Caused by Air Pollution and Their Impact on Vital Organs

• Asthma: Air pollution irritates the airways, causing inflammation and increasing asthma attacks.
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Fine particles damage lung tissue, leading to chronic bronchitis and reduced lung function.
• Lung Cancer: Long-term exposure to pollutants like PM2.5 and toxic chemicals increases the risk of lung cancer.
• Heart Disease: Polluted air triggers inflammation in blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart attacks and high blood pressure.
• Stroke: Fine particles enter the bloodstream, causing blood vessel blockages that can lead to strokes.
• Cognitive Decline & Dementia: Air pollution contributes to brain inflammation, increasing the risk of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases.
• Diabetes: Chronic exposure to air pollution triggers systemic inflammation, increasing insulin resistance and the risk of type 2 diabetes.
• Respiratory Infections: Pollutants weaken lung defenses, making individuals more susceptible to pneumonia, bronchitis, and other infections.
• Premature Birth & Low Birth Weight: Pregnant women exposed to air pollution face higher risks of preterm labor and underdeveloped newborns.
• Weakened Immune System: Toxic air disrupts immune function, making the body more vulnerable to infections and autoimmune diseases.
• Chronic Fatigue: Air pollution reduces oxygen levels in the blood, leading to chronic fatigue and reduced energy levels.
• Liver Damage: Inhaled pollutants enter the bloodstream and accumulate in the liver, leading to inflammation and metabolic disorders.
• Kidney Disease: Long-term exposure to fine particles and toxins increases kidney stress, leading to higher risks of renal disease.
• Eye Irritation & Vision Problems: Airborne pollutants cause chronic eye irritation, leading to redness, dryness, and even long-term vision impairment.
• Mental Health Disorders: Pollution-related inflammation affects neurotransmitters, increasing risks of anxiety, depression, and cognitive stress.

15 Major Problems Caused by Alcohol Abuse

• Liver Cirrhosis – Chronic alcohol consumption leads to liver scarring, causing liver failure and eventual death.
• Pancreatitis – Alcohol inflames the pancreas, causing severe pain, digestive issues, and potentially fatal complications.
• Heart Disease – Increases the risk of high blood pressure, stroke, and heart failure, weakening the cardiovascular system.
• Alcoholic Hepatitis – A severe liver inflammation that can rapidly progress to liver failure and death.
• Cancer – Alcohol is linked to liver, throat, esophageal, breast, and colorectal cancers, increasing mortality risks.
• Brain Damage – Chronic alcohol use impairs memory, cognitive function, and leads to irreversible neurological damage.
• Weakened Immune System – Alcohol reduces the body’s ability to fight infections, making people more vulnerable to diseases.
• Mental Health Disorders – Increases depression, anxiety, and suicide risk, exacerbating existing mental health conditions.
• Domestic Violence – Alcohol fuels aggression, leading to increased cases of spouse and child abuse in households.
• Road Accidents – Drunk driving causes fatal crashes, often killing innocent people in the process.
• Family Breakdown – Alcohol abuse leads to neglect, broken marriages, and children growing up in unstable environments.
• Crime and Violence – Alcohol impairs judgment, leading to fights, theft, sexual violence, and other criminal activities.
• Financial Ruin – Alcoholics spend excessive money on alcohol, leaving families struggling for food, healthcare, and education.
• Workplace Instability – Alcohol abuse leads to absenteeism, poor performance, and job loss, reducing financial security.
• Healthcare Costs – The treatment of alcohol-related diseases burdens hospitals and drains public health resources.

15 Health Tips for Families in Ultra-Rural Regions

• Always use clean water for drinking, cooking, and making baby food. Dirty water can quickly make children sick.
• Boil water if you don’t have clean sources. Let it cool before drinking or giving to children.
• Wash your hands with soap before eating, feeding babies, and using the toilet.
• Cut children’s nails short and keep them clean. Dirty nails can carry germs into their mouths.
• Wash fruits and vegetables with clean water to remove dirt and bacteria.
• Cover water containers tightly to protect them from insects, animals, and dust.
• Use safe toilets or latrines. Avoid open defecation, which can spread disease into drinking water.
• Always wash dishes with clean water and soap after every meal. If possible, let them dry in the sun.
• Clean cooking areas and store food in covered containers to keep away flies and dirt.
• Feed children freshly cooked food. Food that sits out for hours can cause stomach problems.
• If a child has diarrhoea, give them safe water to drink often and seek medical help quickly.
• Recognise the danger signs: diarrhoea lasting more than a day, high fever, extreme tiredness.
• Teach children why clean water and hygiene matter. Simple things can save lives.
• Listen to health agents like Kawan Sehat — they know how to treat infections and help families stay healthy.

Share these tips with your neighbours. The village needs clean water, clean habits, and healthy children to grow strong together.

Skin infections and climate change: what is already happening

• Climate: Rising temperatures and extreme heat weaken the skin barrier and accelerate bacterial and fungal growth on damaged skin.
• Water: Water scarcity forces people to wash less, use unsafe sources, or reuse dirty water, increasing the risk of skin infections.
• Hygiene: Limited access to soap and clean water reduces basic hygiene, allowing minor wounds to become infected quickly.
• Heat: Excessive sweating in hot climates irritates skin, causes micro-lesions, and creates ideal conditions for infection.
• Pollution: Dust, smoke, and burning waste irritate skin, delay healing, and increase susceptibility to bacterial invasion.
• Floods: Floodwaters expose skin to bacteria, parasites, and chemicals, dramatically increasing the risk of infection after minor injuries.
• Drought: Dry climates crack skin, especially in children and older adults, opening direct entry points for pathogens.
• Calcium: Hard (calcareous) water dries out and irritates the skin, worsening eczema, wounds, and increasing susceptibility to infection.
• Delay: Distance from clinics and a lack of transport cause delays in treatment, turning simple infections into severe conditions.
• Children: Children’s skin is thinner and more fragile, making them especially vulnerable to climate-related infections.
• Nutrition: Malnutrition weakens skin integrity and immune function, slowing healing and increasing the severity of infections.
• Scratching: Insect bites increase with heat, and scratching breaks the skin and spreads bacteria from hands to wounds.
• Infections: Impetigo, abscesses, fungal infections, and chronic lesions are already rising in climate-stressed regions.
• Prevention: Early wound cleaning, clean water, and basic hygiene remain the most effective defences against infection.
• Future: Without climate action and access to water, skin infections will increase, overwhelm primary care, and harm children the most.

Glossary of 15 Key Health and Technical Terms Related to Sleep and Its Disorders

• Sleep Hygiene: A set of practices and habits, such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and creating a conducive sleep environment, aimed at improving sleep quality.
• Insomnia: The inability to fall asleep or stay asleep despite having the opportunity, often leading to fatigue, mood disturbances, and decreased performance.
• Sleep Apnea: A disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep, often caused by obstructed airways or brain signal issues, leading to poor-quality rest.
• Circadian Rhythm Disorders: Disruptions in the body’s internal clock that regulate the sleep-wake cycle, often caused by jet lag, shift work, or irregular sleep schedules.
• Narcolepsy: A neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the day.
• Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): A condition causing an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations, particularly at night, disrupting sleep.
• Hypersomnia: Excessive sleepiness during the day or prolonged nighttime sleep that does not result in feeling rested, often due to medical conditions or disorders.
• Sleep Deprivation: A condition resulting from insufficient sleep over time, leading to physical, emotional, and cognitive impairments.
• REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: A disorder in which a person acts out vivid dreams during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep, sometimes causing injury.
• Sleepwalking (Somnambulism): A behavior disorder that occurs during deep sleep, where a person performs complex activities, such as walking or talking, without being aware of it.
• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): A condition characterized by extreme fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest and may be linked to poor sleep quality.
• Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS): A disorder where a person’s sleep schedule is delayed by two or more hours beyond the conventional bedtime, causing difficulty waking at desired times.
• Hypoxia: A condition where insufficient oxygen reaches the brain and body during sleep, often associated with sleep apnea.

15 Tips to Teach Children to Protect Our Future

• Lead by Example – Children learn by observing. Show them how to be responsible citizens by adopting sustainable habits yourself.
• Teach Respect for Nature – Encourage kids to appreciate and care for the environment by spending time outdoors, planting trees, or visiting natural reserves.
• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle – Explain the importance of waste reduction and make recycling a fun and engaging activity at home.
• Save Water and Energy – Teach simple habits like turning off lights when leaving a room and not wasting water while brushing their teeth.
• Encourage Critical Thinking – Help them analyze environmental issues, question solutions, and think about how their actions impact the world.
• Support Sustainable Choices – Explain the impact of food, clothing, and product choices. Teach them to favor local, ethical, and sustainable alternatives.
• Talk About Climate Change – Use age-appropriate explanations to help them understand global challenges and their role in protecting the planet.
• Promote Kindness and Empathy – A sustainable future is not just about the environment but also about how we treat others. Encourage acts of kindness and compassion.
• Involve Them in Community Projects – Engage children in clean-up days, tree-planting events, or local initiatives that promote environmental responsibility.
• Teach the Value of Sharing – Show them that resources are not infinite and that sharing, donating, and avoiding waste are essential for a fairer world.
• Make Learning Fun – Use stories, games, and interactive activities to educate them about sustainability and global issues in an engaging way.
• Encourage Responsible Consumption – Teach them to think before buying and to appreciate quality over quantity, reducing unnecessary waste.
• Foster a Connection with Animals – Understanding and respecting animals fosters a sense of responsibility for all living beings and their ecosystems.
• Explain the Power of Their Voice – Show them that even as children, they can raise awareness, influence others, and take action for a better future.
• Show Them How to Take Action – Whether through petitions, volunteering, or small daily gestures, empower them with ways to make a difference in the world.

15 Major Dangers Linked to Rising Temperatures

• Water Scarcity: Increased evaporation and prolonged droughts reduce freshwater availability, leading to severe shortages in ultra-rural areas.
• Heatwaves and Heatstroke: Extreme temperatures cause dehydration, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke, particularly affecting children and the elderly.
• Food Insecurity: Rising temperatures disrupt agriculture, reducing crop yields and leading to malnutrition and food shortages.
• Vector-Borne Diseases: Warmer climates expand the range of mosquitoes carrying diseases like malaria and dengue, increasing infection rates.
• Waterborne Diseases: Higher temperatures accelerate bacterial growth in contaminated water sources, leading to cholera, diarrhea, and typhoid outbreaks.
• Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases: Heat intensifies air pollution by increasing ozone levels, worsening asthma and other respiratory conditions.
• Skin Cancer and UV Exposure: Increased ultraviolet radiation raises the risk of skin cancer, especially in areas with limited access to healthcare and protective measures.
• Extreme Weather Events: Higher temperatures fuel hurricanes, cyclones, and floods, devastating communities and causing mass displacement.
• Wildfires and Smoke Inhalation: Drier conditions and heatwaves increase the frequency of wildfires, releasing toxic smoke that harms respiratory health.
• Mental Health Disorders: Climate anxiety, stress, and trauma from extreme weather events contribute to rising cases of depression and PTSD.
• Glacier Melting and Rising Sea Levels: Accelerated ice loss leads to coastal flooding, forcing communities to migrate and lose livelihoods.
• Biodiversity Loss: Temperature changes disrupt ecosystems, threatening wildlife and reducing natural resources for human survival.
• Power Grid Failures: Increased energy demand for cooling systems strains electrical grids, leading to blackouts and infrastructure failures.
• Economic Instability: Crop losses, increased health expenses, and infrastructure damage weaken economies, particularly in vulnerable regions.
• Increased Conflict and Migration: Resource scarcity, especially water and food, heightens tensions and forces populations to migrate, increasing geopolitical instability.

Why Menstrual Health Matters: 15 Reasons It’s a Public and Humanitarian Priority

• Menstrual health is a fundamental human right – Every girl and woman deserves access to safe, hygienic, and dignified menstrual care.
• Lack of menstrual hygiene causes health problems – Using unsanitary materials can lead to infections, reproductive issues, and long-term health complications.
• It affects school attendance – Many girls miss school during their periods due to pain, shame, or lack of access to toilets and hygiene products.
• It contributes to gender inequality – Stigmas around menstruation silence girls and limit their participation in education and community life.
• Periods are not a luxury – Sanitary products, clean water, and privacy should be universal—not reserved for the privileged.
• It’s linked to poverty – Families in rural areas often cannot afford pads, underwear, or soap, forcing girls to use unsafe alternatives.
• Silence creates danger – When girls are not educated about menstruation, they can feel fear, confusion, and even shame about their own bodies.
• It perpetuates misinformation – Myths about menstruation often lead to harmful social practices and discrimination.
• Water and toilets are essential – Menstrual health cannot exist without access to clean water, safe toilets, and facilities to wash and change.
• Empowering women starts here – Teaching girls about their bodies helps them make informed health decisions and builds self-worth.
• It strengthens communities – When girls are supported, they stay in school, become leaders, and contribute to local development.
• It reduces child marriage – Educated, empowered girls are more likely to delay marriage and childbirth.
• Health agents become change agents – Local women trained in health care, like Kawan Sehat, can break taboos from within the community.
• Breaking the silence saves lives – When communities speak openly about menstrual health, they reduce preventable suffering and death.
• It’s not just a women’s issue – Menstrual health impacts families, education systems, and economies. It’s everyone’s responsibility

Why Blood Donation Saves Lives – 15 Essential Facts

• Blood Donation – A voluntary act that provides a critical resource for emergency and planned medical care.
• One Unit = Three Lives – A single donation can be separated into plasma, red cells, and platelets to treat multiple patients.
• Essential in Rural Areas – In remote communities, donated blood is often the only treatment available in emergencies.
• For Mothers – Severe blood loss during childbirth is a leading cause of maternal death. Transfusions save lives.
• For Children – Children with severe malaria or anaemia often need blood to survive.
• No Substitute – Blood cannot be manufactured. It can only come from healthy donors.
• Quick and Safe – The donation process is safe, sterile, and takes only 15 minutes.
• Fully Replenishable – The body naturally replaces lost blood within 24 to 72 hours.
• Supports Surgeries – Many surgical procedures require blood, especially in trauma or obstetrics.
• Vital During Epidemics – Outbreaks like dengue, typhoid, or malaria increase demand for transfusions.
• Universal Need – Regardless of age, race, or location, anyone may suddenly need blood to survive.
• Low Donation Rates – In many regions, like rural Indonesia, donor shortages lead to preventable deaths.
• Empowers Communities – Local donation reduces dependence on distant blood banks.
• Zero Cost, Maximum Impact – It costs nothing to give, but the impact is immeasurable.
• A Lifeline of Solidarity – Donating blood shows care, saves lives, and strengthens community health resilience.

Extreme heat: a medical emergency, not weather

• Physiology: Heat overloads the body’s cooling system, leading to dehydration, electrolyte loss, and dangerous organ stress.
• Dehydration: Extreme heat accelerates fluid loss, even without sweating, especially in children and elderly people.
• Blood Pressure: Heat causes vasodilation, lowering blood pressure and increasing the risk of collapse and shock.
• Infections: Dehydration and heat weaken immunity, making infections spread faster and heal more slowly.
• Malnutrition: Heat reduces appetite and worsens malnutrition, especially where food access is already limited.
• Pregnancy: High temperatures increase risks of dehydration, hypotension, and complications for pregnant women.
• Children: Children overheat faster, dehydrate quicker, and often cannot express early warning symptoms.
• Elderly: Aging bodies regulate temperature poorly, making heat illness rapid and often silent.
• Workers: Manual labor during peak heat dramatically raises the risk of heat exhaustion and heat stroke.
• Warning Signs: Headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion, and hot dry skin are medical alerts, not minor discomforts.
• Early Action: Rest, shade, water intake, and cooling the body immediately prevent life-threatening deterioration.
• Water Access: Lack of clean water transforms heat exposure into a medical crisis in ultra-rural areas.
• Climate Change: Rising temperatures increase frequency, duration, and severity of heat-related illnesses worldwide.
• Prevention: Education and early recognition reduce heat-related deaths more effectively than late treatment.
• Field Reality: In Primary Medical Care, we treat heat illness daily because prevention arrives too late.

Lexicon of 15 Main Health and Technical Issues Related to Social Media

• Cyberbullying: Harassment, threats, or humiliation experienced online, often causing anxiety and depression.
• Sleep Disruption: Poor sleep quality or insomnia caused by excessive screen time and blue light exposure.
• Social Anxiety: Increased fear of social judgment due to constant exposure to curated online personas.
• FOMO (Fear of Missing Out): Anxiety caused by seeing others’ activities and feeling excluded or left behind.
• Low Self-Esteem: Reduced confidence and self-worth resulting from constant comparison to idealized content.
• Digital Addiction: Compulsive use of social media platforms interfering with daily life and responsibilities.
• Mental Fatigue: Cognitive overload from consuming large amounts of online content, leading to exhaustion.
• Body Dysmorphia: Unrealistic beauty standards online promoting dissatisfaction with one’s appearance.
• Attention Deficit: Difficulty focusing due to constant distractions and rapid consumption of short content.
• Isolation: Feelings of loneliness resulting from replacing face-to-face interactions with virtual ones.
• Tech Neck: Chronic neck and shoulder pain caused by prolonged device use in poor posture.
• Exposure to Harmful Content: Access to inappropriate, violent, or triggering material that impacts mental health.
• Echo Chamber Effect: Narrowing of perspectives due to algorithms reinforcing existing beliefs and biases.
• Privacy Breaches: Unauthorized access or misuse of personal data shared on social media platforms.
• Misinformation Spread: False or misleading information disseminated widely, leading to confusion or harm.

The 15 Most Common Diseases and Health Issues Related to Active Smoking

• Lung Cancer: Smoking causes 85% of lung cancer cases, leading to severe breathing issues and a low survival rate.
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A progressive lung disease that makes breathing difficult and leads to long-term disability.
• Heart Disease: Smoking damages arteries, increases blood pressure, and raises the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
• Stroke: Tobacco use doubles the risk of stroke, reducing blood flow to the brain and causing paralysis or death.
• Throat Cancer: Smoking damages the larynx and pharynx, often requiring surgical removal of vocal cords.
• Mouth Cancer: Tobacco increases the risk of tumors in the gums, tongue, and lips, leading to severe disfigurement.
• Bladder Cancer: Chemicals from tobacco accumulate in the bladder, significantly increasing the risk of aggressive cancer.
• Esophageal Cancer: Smoking weakens the esophagus lining, making it more vulnerable to deadly tumors.
• Gastric Ulcers: Tobacco weakens stomach lining, causing painful ulcers and slowing digestion.
• Infertility: Smoking reduces sperm count in men and damages eggs in women, making conception difficult.
• Impotence: Tobacco restricts blood flow, leading to erectile dysfunction in men at a younger age.
• Diabetes Complications: Smoking increases insulin resistance and worsens diabetes-related damage to organs.
• Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Smoking narrows blood vessels, increasing the risk of amputation.
• Weakened Immune System: Tobacco exposure suppresses immune response, making infections more severe.
• Osteoporosis: Smoking weakens bones, increasing fracture risks and reducing healing capacity.

What to Do After a Snake Bite in an Ultra-Rural Area

1. Stay calm – Panic raises heart rate, spreading venom faster. Breathe deeply.
2. Move away from the snake – Avoid a second bite, but don’t waste time capturing it.
3. Do NOT run – Moving too much accelerates venom absorption. Stay still.
4. Immobilize the bitten limb – Keep it below heart level and as still as possible.
5. Remove tight items – Rings, bracelets, and shoes can worsen swelling.
6. Do NOT suck, cut, or try to remove venom – These methods cause more harm.
7. Do NOT apply ice or heat – It increases tissue damage.
8. Do NOT apply a tourniquet – It can cause severe local damage and amputation risk.
9. Wash the wound gently – Use clean water and mild soap if available.
10. Apply a loose bandage – If possible, wrap firmly but not too tight, moving upwards.
11. Identify the snake if safe – A photo helps doctors choose the right antivenom.
12. Watch for symptoms – Swelling, pain, dizziness, vomiting, breathing issues—seek help fast.
13. Drink water – Prevent dehydration, but avoid alcohol or caffeine.
14. Seek medical help immediately – Even for non-venomous bites, infections can be deadly.
15. If unconscious or breathing slows, perform CPR – Keep the person awake and get urgent care.

Act fast, stay calm, and reach medical help as soon as possible!

15 Critical Insights About Secondhand Smoke and Its Public Health Impact

• Involuntary Exposure: Millions inhale toxic smoke daily without consent, often in their own homes or workplaces.
• Most Affected: Children breathe faster, absorb more toxins, and suffer lifelong respiratory consequences.
• Pregnancy Risks Multiply: Smoke exposure can lead to premature birth, miscarriage, and developmental disorders.
• Smoke Doesn’t Stay Put: Toxins cling to skin, clothes, hair, and surfaces—harm persists long after the cigarette is gone.
• Thirdhand Smoke Is Real: Residual chemicals remain on fabrics and furniture, still harmful to babies and children.
• One in Five Deaths in Indonesia: Tobacco-related illnesses account for 20% of all deaths in Indonesia, including secondhand smoke.
• Asthma and Lung Infections: Secondhand smoke increases the risk of asthma attacks, bronchitis, and pneumonia in non-smokers.
• Heart Disease in Non-Smokers: Exposure raises the risk of cardiovascular disease by up to 30%, even with limited contact.
• A Legal Void: Indonesia lacks national laws protecting non-smokers, leaving millions without recourse.
• Public Spaces Are Unsafe: Markets, schools, and hospitals are frequently polluted by tobacco smoke without enforcement.
• Economic Burden: Tobacco-related diseases strain health systems and keep families in cycles of poverty.
• Invisible But Deadly: Smoke damage often begins at the cellular level, long before symptoms appear.
• Cultural Normalisation: Smoking is embedded in social norms, making change difficult without strong public campaigns.
• We Need Smoke-Free Zones: Designated no-smoking areas save lives and model healthier community standards.
• Health Is a Shared Responsibility: Choosing not to smoke near others is not just kind—it’s lifesaving and socially just.

Why Education is Central to Malaria Prevention

1. Recognising Symptoms: Teaching villagers to identify early signs, such as fever, chills, or fatigue, saves lives.
2. Breaking Myths: Education dispels dangerous beliefs that malaria is caused by spirits, ensuring people seek treatment.
3. Promoting Testing: Awareness encourages families to accept rapid tests or microscope slides.
4. Treatment Compliance: Patients are more likely to finish medication when they understand its importance.
5. Mosquito Net Use: Education increases correct and consistent use of insecticide-treated nets.
6. IRS Acceptance: Communities accept indoor spraying (IRS) when they know how it reduces mosquito breeding.
7. Protecting Children: Parents learn to prioritize prevention for vulnerable groups like children under 5.
8. Empowering Women: Mothers educated about malaria prevention protect families and spread knowledge.
9. Safe Practices: Role-plays and village meetings teach people how to avoid mosquito-prone areas.
10. Community Engagement: Education turns prevention into a collective effort, not an individual one.
11. Reducing Stigma: Explaining malaria as a medical issue reduces discrimination against the sick.
12. School-Based Learning: Children bring malaria knowledge back home, influencing parents and siblings.
13. Encouraging Hygiene: Linked messages about clean water, sanitation, and health strengthen overall resilience.
14. Long-Term Impact: Villages that learn prevention strategies lower malaria rates over generations.
15. Health Ripple Effect: Knowledge spreads beyond the initial participants, shaping community-wide behavior.

15 Problems That Can Arise Without Laughter and Smiling

• Increased Stress – Without laughter, cortisol levels rise, leading to chronic stress and anxiety.
• Weakened Immune System – A lack of joy reduces immune responses, making the body more vulnerable to illness.
• Higher Blood Pressure – Smiling helps lower blood pressure; without it, heart disease risks increase.
• Poor Mental Health – Without laughter, depression, anxiety, and negative thoughts become overwhelming.
• Stronger Pain Perception – Endorphins from laughter reduce pain; without them, discomfort feels worse.
• Social Isolation – Smiling and laughter create bonds; without them, relationships suffer and loneliness grows.
• Reduced Resilience – Laughter builds emotional strength; without it, challenges feel more overwhelming.
• Faster Aging – Chronic stress accelerates aging; laughter keeps skin and body youthful.
• Decreased Cognitive Function – Laughter boosts brain activity; without it, memory and focus decline.
• Increased Inflammation – Stress from lack of joy raises inflammation, leading to chronic diseases.
• Poor Sleep Quality – Laughter promotes relaxation; without it, insomnia and restless sleep increase.
• Lower Energy Levels – Joy and laughter boost oxygen flow; without them, fatigue and lethargy set in.
• Weaker Community Bonds – In ultra-rural areas, laughter fosters unity; without it, division grows.
• Reduced Creativity – Laughter sparks innovative thinking; without it, problem-solving skills decline.
• Higher Risk of Heart Disease – A lack of laughter increases stress, leading to cardiovascular problems.

The 15 Most Common Diseases and Health Issues Related to Passive Smoking

• Lung Cancer: Non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke have a 20-30% higher risk of lung cancer.
• Asthma Attacks: Secondhand smoke triggers severe asthma episodes, especially in children.
• Heart Disease: Non-smokers exposed to passive smoke have a higher risk of heart attacks and strokes.
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS): Babies exposed to smoke are at a greater risk of unexplained death.
• Miscarriage: Pregnant women exposed to smoke have higher risks of pregnancy loss.
• Low Birth Weight: Tobacco exposure in the womb leads to underdeveloped babies and health complications.
• Ear Infections: Passive smoking increases chronic ear infections, leading to hearing loss in children.
• Pneumonia: Secondhand smoke weakens lung defenses, increasing the risk of severe respiratory infections.
• Bronchitis: Inhaled toxins from smoke cause chronic coughing and lung inflammation.
• Cognitive Impairment: Passive smoke exposure is linked to memory loss and reduced brain function.
• High Blood Pressure in Children: Smoke exposure can elevate blood pressure from a young age.
• Sinus Infections: Secondhand smoke irritates nasal passages, leading to frequent sinus infections.
• Dementia: Long-term exposure to tobacco smoke is linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
• Weakened Immune System: Passive smoke exposure lowers the body's defense against infections.
• Delayed Lung Development: Children in smoking households develop weaker lungs and lower lung capacity.

What to Do After a Dog Bite in an Ultra-Rural Area

• Stay calm – Avoid sudden movements to prevent further aggression.
• Move to a safe location – Ensure the dog cannot bite again.
• Stop the bleeding – Apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth.
• Wash the wound thoroughly – Use soap and clean water for at least 5 minutes to reduce infection risk.
• Do NOT use alcohol or iodine directly on deep wounds – It can damage tissue.
• Apply antiseptic – Use povidone-iodine (Betadine) or another antiseptic if available.
• Cover the wound – Use a sterile bandage to keep dirt out.
• Check for signs of infection – Redness, swelling, pus, or fever need urgent care.
• Assess the dog’s status – If it’s stray or unvaccinated, rabies risk is high.
• Seek medical care immediately – Rabies is 100% fatal if untreated. Post-exposure vaccines must be given quickly.
• Do NOT wait for symptoms – If rabies is suspected, act before symptoms appear.
• Report the bite – If in a village, inform local health workers.
• Monitor the dog if possible – If alive after 10 days, rabies is unlikely.
• Update tetanus vaccination – If not vaccinated, a booster may be needed.
• Continue wound care – Clean daily, change bandages, and watch for infection.

Rabies is deadly—get post-bite treatment as soon as possible!

15 Things You Can Do to Support Someone Struggling Mentally, Without Medical Access

• Listen without judgment – Let them speak freely, without interrupting or correcting.
• Be present – Sometimes, your quiet company is more powerful than words.
• Check in regularly – Ask, “How are you—really?” and mean it.
• Create a safe space – Offer a calm environment where they feel protected.
• Be patient – Healing takes time; don’t rush or pressure them.
• Validate their feelings – Let them know it's okay to feel sad, angry, or afraid.
• Encourage expression – Through drawing, writing, or talking to a trusted friend.
• Protect their dignity – Never shame or gossip about their struggles.
• Offer small routines – Invite them to eat, walk, or clean together.
• Watch for danger signs – Stay alert if they mention self-harm or withdrawal.
• Talk about emotions openly – Normalise conversations about mental health.
• Stay consistent – Be a stable presence in their life.
• Avoid giving direct advice – Focus on listening more than solving.
• Invite community support – Involve others who care, gently and with respect.
• Care for yourself too – Supporting others starts with your own strength.

These actions, though simple, can be lifesaving in places where professional help doesn’t exist.

HIV key facts for everyone

• Virus: HIV attacks the immune system; without treatment, it gradually destroys defences and can lead to AIDS and serious infections.
• AIDS: AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV, when the body is too weak to fight infections and certain cancers become more common.
• Transmission: HIV spreads through unprotected sex, blood contact, sharing needles, or from an HIV-positive mother to her baby.
• Not transmission: HIV is not spread by mosquitoes, food, water, toilets, hugging, handshakes, sharing plates, or simply sitting together.
• Condoms: Correct and consistent use of condoms during every sexual encounter greatly reduces the risk of HIV and other infections.
• Testing: An HIV test is simple, quick, and confidential; knowing your status protects you, your partner, and your future children.
• Treatment: Antiretroviral medicines control HIV, keep people healthy for many years, and reduce the amount of virus in the blood.
• Undetectable: When treatment makes the virus undetectable in the blood, the person cannot sexually transmit HIV to their partners.
• Pregnancy: With proper treatment and medical follow-up, the risk of transmitting HIV from mother to baby can be greatly reduced.
• Needles: Never share needles, razors, or instruments that cut the skin; always use sterile equipment for injections or piercings.
• Symptoms: Early HIV may cause fever, headache, or night sweats, but many people do not show signs, which is why regular testing matters.
• Stigma: Stigma and discrimination discourage people from testing and seeking care; respect and confidentiality are part of medical treatment.
• Youth: Young people are especially vulnerable where sexual education is limited; clear, honest information offers strong protection.
• Couples: Openly discussing HIV, testing, and protection with partners is an act of care and shared responsibility for health.
• Help: If you think you are at risk, visit a health centre or Kawan Sehat agent; early testing and treatment can save your life.

Primary Medical Care Program: Bringing Health Where No One Else Can

Established in 2023, the Primary Medical Care (PMC) program is a groundbreaking initiative created by the Fair Future Foundation to address the critical lack of healthcare in ultra-rural and remote communities. The program trains and equips Kawan Sehat health workers—95% of whom are women—with the skills, medical supplies, and resources needed to provide life-saving care in areas where no doctors, nurses, or health facilities exist.

In regions with little or no access to medical care, Kawan Sehat health workers are the first and often only line of defense against illness and injury. They diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions, including infections, fevers, wounds, malaria, tuberculosis, respiratory illnesses, and maternal and child health issues. They also provide health education, conduct preventive care, and refer severe cases to the nearest health facility when possible.

The PMC program treats an average of 700 to 1,000 patients each month, addressing both acute and chronic medical needs. Their impact goes beyond individual treatment: they work to reduce child mortality, prevent disease outbreaks, and improve overall public health in underserved regions.

Fair Future’s comprehensive approach includes intensive training sessions held twice a year, ensuring that Kawan Sehat health workers stay updated on new medical practices, techniques, and community health management. Each health worker is equipped with a fully stocked medical backpack, containing over 100 essential items, including medicines, first-aid supplies, and diagnostic tools.

By supporting, training, and equipping these health workers, the PMC program breaks barriers of distance, poverty, and neglect. It offers a sustainable model of community-based healthcare, empowering local communities to care for themselves and ensuring that no one is left behind when it comes to medical care.

This program embodies the mission of Fair Future Foundation: to bring life-saving healthcare and hope to those who need it most, regardless of their location or circumstances.

What’s Inside the Kawan Sehat Health Agents’ Medical Backpacks?

Each Kawan Sehat health worker carries a fully equipped medical backpack, containing over 100 essential items to treat common illnesses and injuries in ultra-rural communities. These kits are designed to provide immediate and life-saving care, preventing minor health issues from becoming serious or fatal.

Inside, there are over 30 different medications, including painkillers, antipyretics, anti-inflammatories, antihistamines, vitamins, antihemetics, cough suppressants, ointments and salves etc. The backpack also contains medical tools, such as blood pressure monitors, thermometers and pulse oximeters, as well as wound care supplies (disinfectants, bandages, gauze, gloves and masks) to treat cuts, infections and wounds.

Beyond medical supplies, the backpacks contain educational materials, such as healthy living fabric posters, training manuals, and Q&A booklets to help workers provide health education to families. Each worker is also equipped with a mobile phone preloaded with the Kawan Sehat app, which allows them to document cases, track patient progress, and report urgent medical needs to program coordinators.

These backpacks are more than just a medical kit: they are a real, tangible solution, ensuring that health care reaches the most isolated communities where no other medical support exists.

Medical Backpack Contents

Each medical backpack is a mobile clinic Kawan Sehat health agents use in remote areas. It includes over 50 essential items for emergency and routine care.

• Wound Care & Disinfection
  Sterile gauze pads – Wound strips – Round plasters – Antiseptic spray – Alcohol 70% – Betadine solution – Medical scissors – Tweezers – Nail scissors – Latex gloves – Face masks – Medicine bags
• Topical Treatments
  Ketoconazole cream – Gentamicin ointment – Hydrocortisone cream – Eucalyptus oil
• Medications
  Paracetamol – Ibuprofen 200mg – Ibuprofen 400mg – Loratadine – Norit charcoal – Guaifenesin – Demacolin – Tremenza – Coparcetin – Sanmol – Promedex – Caviplex multivitamins – Antasida Doen – Enbatic antibiotic powder – Antihypertensive medication*
• Diagnostic Tools
  Stethoscope* – Blood pressure monitor* – Thermometer – Eye wash cup – Ear syringe – Lice comb – Arm sling
• Additional Essentials
  ORS rehydration salts – Zinc sulfate – Amoxicillin 500mg – Cotrimoxazole – Miconazole cream – Lidocaine topical gel – Digital glucometer* – Steri-Strips – Hydrocolloid bandage – Sanitary pads
• Health Education & Records
  Nine educational posters (Malaria, Tobacco, Alcohol, Waste, Hygiene, Nutrition…) – Where There Is No Doctor book – Healthy Friends book – Health agent manual – Medical report form – Stationery set

Learn how becoming a health agent changes women’s lives

1. Becoming a certified health agent enables women to deliver vital care where doctors are unavailable.
2. Trained women acquire medical knowledge they can use to support families and neighbours daily.
3. Women health agents become trusted voices in their village, enhancing public health for everyone.
4. Certification grants women social recognition in areas where their role is often undervalued.
5. Kawan Sehat training boosts self-confidence and decision-making skills in female agents.
6. Women learn how to manage medical supplies, follow patient cases, and accurately transmit data.
7. Access to education and health skills helps women reduce preventable illnesses in their communities.
8. Female health agents are crucial in lowering infant mortality through early care and prevention.
9. Training fosters economic empowerment, allowing some women to earn income through their work.
10. Agents are provided with medical kits, equipping them to respond swiftly in emergencies.
11. Empowered women go on to train others, creating a ripple effect of knowledge throughout their community.
12. Certificates endorsed by local authorities lend legitimacy and open up new roles within the community.
13. Through field visits with Fair Future, agents feel supported, motivated, and appreciated.
14. Being a Kawan Sehat means transforming lives—both their own and those of their children.
15. Empowering women in healthcare leads to stronger, healthier, and more resilient villages.

Digital Health That Understands Before It Acts

1. Data transforms isolated medical acts into measurable patterns, revealing where diseases emerge, recur, and silently spread.
2. Continuity ensures every patient is followed over time, preventing forgotten cases and enabling long-term medical evaluation.
3. Offline technology enables health agents to work without internet, ensuring care and data collection never stop in remote villages.
4. Analysis enables cross-referencing of symptoms, locations, seasons, and environments to detect infectious disease clusters.
5. Prevention becomes precise when early identification of trends in repeated fevers, wounds, or malnutrition is achieved in specific communities.
6. Children benefit from tracked growth, infection, and nutritional data, helping detect chronic issues before irreversible damage.
7. Pregnancy monitoring improves when medical teams remotely record and review symptoms, treatments, and risks.
8. Elderly care gains visibility as chronic conditions and repeated infections are documented rather than remaining invisible.
9. Environmental data highlights links between stagnant water, housing conditions, and malaria transmission risks.
10. Training is reinforced through in-app medical references, guiding non-professional health agents towards safe decisions.
11. Accountability ensures every treatment is recorded, reviewed, and medically justified, reducing dangerous improvisation.
12. Scalability allows this medical model to expand without losing precision, even as patient numbers grow.
13. Research emerges from real field data, not assumptions, enabling evidence-based public health strategies.
14. Decision-making shifts from reaction to anticipation by understanding why diseases persist in specific regions.
15. Impact is measured not in features, but in lives saved through better understanding and corrective medical action.

Who Are the Kawan Sehat Healthcare Agents?

The Kawan Sehat healthcare agents are an extraordinary group of 30 women, aged 20 to 60, who come from the most remote villages in Eastern Indonesia—places where there are no roads, no clean water, no electricity, and no access to medical care. In the past, these ultra-rural communities faced preventable deaths simply because they could not reach a doctor. Now, these trained women provide essential medical care where none was available before, treating between 800 and 1,000 patients every month.

These agents undergo intensive medical training sessions twice a year, lasting one week each. This training covers both theoretical knowledge and practical skills needed to diagnose, treat, and manage common illnesses, infections, and injuries. They gain expertise in handling cases of malaria, tuberculosis, respiratory illnesses, wounds, and maternal and child health issues. Their efforts prevent minor wounds from becoming life-threatening, ensure early treatment for dangerous diseases, and reduce child mortality.

In many areas, local clinics have no doctors or are critically short of essential medicines, making these Kawan Sehat health agents the only source of medical support for thousands of people. They work tirelessly, often in challenging conditions, to bring healthcare, hope, and education directly to those in need.

More than just health workers, these women are trusted members of their communities, providing comfort, knowledge, and care. They are not only saving lives—they are creating a culture of resilience and self-reliance, ensuring that even the most isolated communities have access to basic medical care and health education.

They are not just health workers—they are heroes, making a life-saving impact in places the world often forgets.

19 Essential Actions Everyone Can Take to Manage Waste and Protect the Environment

• Stop Throwing Waste Anywhere: Dispose of waste in designated areas or bins—never in nature, rivers, or streets.
• Separate Organic and Non-Organic Waste: Sorting waste makes recycling and composting easier, reducing landfill overflow.
• Compost Organic Waste: Turn food scraps and biodegradable waste into natural fertilizer instead of burning or dumping them.
• Say No to Single-Use Plastics: Avoid plastic bags, bottles, and straws—use reusable alternatives to cut plastic pollution.
• Burning Trash is Not a Solution: Avoid burning waste, as it releases toxic fumes that harm health and the environment.
• Reuse and Repair Whenever Possible: Fix broken items and repurpose materials instead of discarding them.
• Recycle and Support Recycling Initiatives: Collect and bring recyclable materials to local recycling centers.
• Use Cloth Bags and Reusable Containers: Replace plastic bags and single-use packaging with sustainable alternatives.
• Educate Children About Waste Management: Teach kids the importance of cleanliness, sorting waste, and avoiding pollution.
• Report Illegal Dumping and Pollution: Hold communities and authorities accountable by reporting improper waste disposal.
• Encourage Local Waste Collection Systems: If no waste collection exists, organize community efforts for proper disposal.
• Dispose of Hazardous Waste Properly: Batteries, chemicals, and electronics should never be mixed with regular trash.
• Reduce Food Waste: Plan meals, store food properly, and donate excess food to minimize waste.
• Participate in Community Clean-Up Drives: Join or organize clean-up events to keep streets, rivers, and public areas clean.
• Support Policies and Laws on Waste Management: Advocate for government action to improve waste disposal infrastructure.
• Use Eco-Friendly Personal Hygiene Products: Choose reusable diapers, cloth napkins, and biodegradable soaps.
• Install and Use Community Waste Bins: Ensure waste bins are accessible in villages, markets, and public areas.
• Protect Water Sources from Contamination: Keep trash and waste away from wells, rivers, and drinking water sources.
• Lead by Example: Encourage neighbors and family members by practicing responsible waste management daily.

These actions empower individuals, especially in underdeveloped regions, to take responsibility for waste and create cleaner, healthier communities.

15 Health Tips for Families in Ultra-Rural Regions

• Always use clean water for drinking, cooking, and making baby food. Dirty water can quickly make children sick.
• Boil water if you don’t have clean sources. Let it cool before drinking or giving to children.
• Wash your hands with soap before eating, feeding babies, and using the toilet.
• Cut children’s nails short and keep them clean. Dirty nails can carry germs into their mouths.
• Wash fruits and vegetables with clean water to remove dirt and bacteria.
• Cover water containers tightly to protect them from insects, animals, and dust.
• Use safe toilets or latrines. Avoid open defecation, which can spread disease into drinking water.
• Always wash dishes with clean water and soap after every meal. If possible, let them dry in the sun.
• Clean cooking areas and store food in covered containers to keep away flies and dirt.
• Feed children freshly cooked food. Food that sits out for hours can cause stomach problems.
• If a child has diarrhoea, give them safe water to drink often and seek medical help quickly.
• Recognise the danger signs: diarrhoea lasting more than a day, high fever, extreme tiredness.
• Teach children why clean water and hygiene matter. Simple things can save lives.
• Listen to health agents like Kawan Sehat — they know how to treat infections and help families stay healthy.

Share these tips with your neighbours. The village needs clean water, clean habits, and healthy children to grow strong together.

The Social and Psychological Impact in 15 Points

1. Families feel safer knowing someone is available to treat illnesses and injuries in their village.
2. Parents gain confidence that their children can survive fevers, infections, and everyday accidents.
3. Women, as caregivers, feel valued and supported when health agents listen and provide guidance.
4. Villagers live with less fear and anxiety when healthcare is nearby and trusted by the community.
5. Children learn that sickness is not always fatal but can be treated effectively.
6. Communities grow stronger by uniting around prevention, hygiene, and healthy daily practices.
7. Trust within villages increases as health agents are part of the community, not outsiders.
8. Families avoid costly, risky journeys to distant hospitals, reducing stress and financial burden.
9. People feel dignity when their health is taken seriously, documented, and properly cared for.
10. Fewer preventable deaths mean fewer grieving families, strengthening community bonds.
11. Mental well-being improves when people know they are not alone in facing sickness and pain.
12. Fear and taboos around diseases decrease with clear education, awareness, and prevention.
13. Villagers feel empowered when they can take responsibility for their health and survival.
14. Children attend school more regularly when illnesses are treated early and do not worsen.
15. The presence of health agents gives people hope for resilience, continuity, and a better future.

Why We Created the Primary Medical Care Program

The Primary Medical Care (PMC) program was established to address the urgent lack of medical access faced by 120,000 people in the regions where we work. The challenges in these areas are extreme: there are no roads, no transportation, and no means of communication, making it nearly impossible for people to reach medical assistance. Many villages are located days away from the nearest clinic, and even upon arrival, these Puskesmas (health centers) are often empty, understaffed, or lacking essential medicines and medical equipment.

The situation is made worse by the fact that most local clinics lack electricity and clean water, and they often operate only for a few hours each day. In emergencies, such as high fevers, infected wounds, or complicated childbirths, people have no place to seek urgent help. Tragically, many have lost their lives simply because there was no one available to provide treatment when it was needed most.

The PMC program was created to fill this gap. By training Kawan Sehat health agents to deliver medical care directly to those in need, we ensure that basic healthcare becomes a reality in remote areas. These agents treat illnesses and injuries, offer health education, and work to prevent conditions from worsening. Their presence and care provide critical support to those who would otherwise be left without help.

This program is more than just a temporary solution—it is an essential lifeline. It ensures that healthcare reaches people where they live, breaking down barriers of distance, poverty, and neglect. The Primary Medical Care program is not only about treatment; it’s about building a foundation for health, dignity, and survival in the world’s most underserved communities.

15 Actions to Mitigate the Impact of Climate Change and Drought on Agriculture

1. Improve Water Conservation – Implement efficient irrigation systems such as drip irrigation to maximize water use.
2. Harvest Rainwater – Build reservoirs and rainwater collection systems to store water for dry seasons.
3. Promote Drought-Resistant Crops – Encourage the cultivation of crops that require less water, such as sorghum and millet.
4. Enhance Soil Health – Use compost, organic fertilizers, and crop rotation to maintain soil fertility and moisture retention.
5. Reforest and Protect Natural Ecosystems – Plant trees and protect forests to reduce soil erosion and improve local rainfall patterns.
6. Develop Sustainable Farming Practices – Train farmers in agroecological techniques to make agriculture more resilient to climate change.
7. Ensure Access to Clean Water – Expand programs like Fair Future’s Water Connections to provide sustainable water solutions.
8. Reduce Post-Harvest Losses – Improve food storage, drying techniques, and pest control to prevent waste.
9. Strengthen Community Awareness – Conduct educational campaigns on sustainable agriculture, water conservation, and climate adaptation.
10. Invest in Livestock Resilience – Provide proper water access, shade, and alternative feed sources for livestock during droughts.
11. Improve Market Access for Farmers – Support local cooperatives to ensure fair pricing and reduce economic vulnerability.
12. Enhance Nutrition Programs – Expand health and nutrition education to combat malnutrition caused by food shortages.
13. Develop Alternative Livelihoods – Encourage income diversification, such as beekeeping or fish farming, to reduce dependence on crops alone.
14. Advocate for Climate Action – Push for policies that support sustainable agriculture, reforestation, and water resource management.
15. Expand Emergency Response Plans – Strengthen local and international efforts to provide immediate relief and long-term support during climate crises.

15 Reasons Why These Trainings Are a Matter of Survival

1. No doctors: In most villages, there are no medical professionals—only Kawan Sehat agents stand between illness and tragedy.
2. Medical isolation: These agents are often the only caregivers within hours of walking distance in mountainous, disconnected terrain.
3. Early detection: They learn to identify signs of infection, complications, or emergencies before they become life-threatening.
4. Wound care: Even small injuries can lead to death. These agents are trained to clean, dress, and monitor wounds properly.
5. Fever management: They treat high fevers—often symptoms of malaria or dengue—with the right tools and rapid response.
6. Real-case practice: Each training includes real-life simulations to improve field diagnosis and emergency decision-making.
7. Updated protocols: Medical knowledge evolves. These sessions ensure agents apply current, effective care techniques.
8. Tool mastery: Agents train with thermometers, test kits, and stethoscopes to perform accurate frontline medical assessments.
9. Life-saving supplies: Trainings are also when they receive vital items like antibiotics, bandages, gloves, and antiseptics.
10. Health education: They learn how to educate communities using posters about hygiene, nutrition, and disease prevention.
11. Confidence building: These sessions give them the strength to act alone, calmly, in high-pressure medical situations.
12. Peer exchange: Agents share real challenges from the field and receive answers, support, and new practical ideas.
13. Community leadership: They guide families on malaria, clean water use, menstruation, and safe waste practices.
14. No infrastructure: When no ambulance or phone signal is available, they are the only option for urgent medical help.
15. Knowledge retention: Without repeated training, skills fade. These sessions keep them sharp, efficient, and ready to save.

How Kawan Sehat Transforms the Role of Women

• As Kawan Sehat, village women are no longer merely caregivers at home; they are recognised as trusted medical references for the entire community.
• When a child has a fever or a wound, families now turn to the health agent first, giving women a central role in urgent health decisions.
• Wearing a medical backpack and uniform shifts how people perceive them, signalling competence, responsibility, and the right to speak about health.
• Village meetings now include Kawan Sehat voices, where women explain risks, prevention, and treatment options that directly influence local decisions.
• Their medical training gives them the confidence to challenge harmful habits, such as delaying care, reusing dirty dressings, or ignoring malaria symptoms.
• Because they record each case, these agents handle data and reports, skills that boost their authority with local leaders and health centres.
• Young girls see Kawan Sehat as role models, proof that women from their own village can become respected health workers without leaving the hills.
• Income may not always be formal, but social capital grows significantly; they gain invitations to speak, lead activities, and organise village responses.
• Husbands and fathers observe that many lives have been saved, which gradually shifts gender expectations about those who can make critical decisions.
• Their dual roles as teachers and health agents connect schools and clinics, giving women influence over both education and medical prevention.
• During epidemics or disasters, Kawan Sehat become key coordinators, demonstrating that women can manage logistics, triage, and community information.
• As they collaborate with nurses and doctors, they are recognised as colleagues, strengthening their status when they return to their villages.
• The programme also protects them, providing knowledge on contraception, pregnancy risks, and mental health that they can apply in their own lives.
• Being part of a network of thirty agents breaks isolation; women share experiences, solve problems together, and support one another emotionally.
• Step by step, Kawan Sehat challenge traditional ideas of leadership, demonstrating that medical authority in the village can be local, female, and collective.

Where Does the Primary Medical Care Program Operate?

The Primary Medical Care (PMC) program operates in the most remote, ultra-rural regions—areas with no roads, no electricity, no clean water, no sanitation, and no access to medical care. These are the forgotten places, where people live in extreme isolation, often walking days to reach the nearest clinic, if one even exists.

We work primarily in East Sumba, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), Indonesia, one of the driest, most arid regions in the world. Home to 300,000 people, this vast area lacks basic infrastructure, with only a handful of gas stations and barely two or three traffic lights on the entire island. Over 120,000 people now benefit from the PMC program, receiving medical care directly in their villages.

Sumba is a large Indonesian island, divided into three regions. East Sumba is the largest, most isolated, and least developed, with rugged terrain, scorching heat, and almost no healthcare facilities. This is where we work—bringing life-saving medical assistance to those who need it most.

15 solutions to fill this medical gap in ultra-rural regions

• Expand Mobile Clinics – Deploy mobile units to deliver on-site medical care in remote communities.
• Train Local Health Agents – Equip community members with medical training to act as first responders.
• Enhance Telemedicine Services – Utilize digital platforms to connect rural patients with specialized care.
• Upgrade Health Infrastructure – Renovate local centers to secure reliable electricity, water, and essential equipment.
• Strengthen Supply Chains – Establish efficient logistics to ensure timely delivery of medications and supplies.
• Develop Physician Incentives – Offer competitive rewards and career growth to attract doctors to rural areas.
• Implement Preventive Health Programs – Educate communities on disease prevention and early intervention strategies.
• Foster Public-Private Partnerships – Collaborate with private entities to bolster rural healthcare resources.
• Expand Emergency Response Systems – Create rapid-response teams to manage critical health emergencies.
• Introduce Digital Health Records – Adopt electronic systems for streamlined patient data and care coordination.
• Increase Community Health Outreach – Organize regular workshops and screenings to engage and educate locals.
• Invest in Continuous Medical Education – Provide ongoing training for rural healthcare providers to enhance skills.
• Enhance Nutritional and Sanitation Initiatives – Improve local hygiene and nutrition to lower disease risk.
• Leverage International Expertise – Partner with global organizations to introduce innovative healthcare solutions.
• Optimize Resource Allocation – Prioritize budget and resources to reinforce rural medical infrastructure.

Why Publications Matter: Knowledge Saves Lives

In the most isolated corners of East Sumba, reading is more than a skill—it’s a lifeline. Clear, practical health knowledge can mean the difference between life and death in areas lacking roads, clinics, or professional doctors. We invest significantly in creating publications like the “Where There Is No Doctor” manual and the health poster guide.

These aren’t just books; they are hands-on tools for Kawan Sehat health agents and every family in the community. They explain how to treat wounds, recognise the signs of infection, purify water, prevent disease, and improve nutrition—all in simple, direct language that anyone can understand.

But we go beyond mere writing. We spend time in these villages, reading together with families, demonstrating how to use these guides, and ensuring the information can be implemented. We adapt the material to fit local cultures and daily realities, ensuring every sentence has real meaning and impact.

Reading and understanding these publications is a form of self-care and self-empowerment—a way for people to take control of their health and their future, even when formal medical support is miles away. This is why we create them, distribute them, and teach them: in places where everything is hard to reach, knowledge must come to the people.

Knowledge saves lives—because it’s more than words on a page. It’s action, resilience, and dignity in the face of neglect.

When Clinics Run Out, Field Care Takes Over

• Distance: Ultra-rural villages are more than 12 km from clinics, making even minor illnesses emergencies before care is reached.
• Shortages: Many Puskesmas lack medicines, electricity, or clean water, limiting their ability to treat even basic conditions.
• Reality: Health agents now treat more patients than some clinics, as confirmed by several Puskesmas directors.
• Presence: Kawan Sehat agents live in villages, enabling immediate care rather than delayed referrals.
• Supplies: Medical backpacks are regularly refilled with antibiotics, dressings, antiseptics, and essential treatments.
• Prevention: Early wound care and infection control prevent sepsis, one of the deadliest risks in remote areas.
• Continuity: Patients are followed over time, not lost between long walks and understaffed facilities.
• Training: Agents receive continuous medical training adapted to real field conditions and local disease patterns.
• Education: Fabric posters enable repeated health education, even in rain, dust, and harsh conditions.
• Data: The Kawan Sehat app records cases and outcomes, strengthening local health monitoring.
• Coordination: Field agents work closely with regional nurses and Puskesmas staff.
• Logistics: Medical deliveries by off-road scooter ensure supplies reach areas without roads or vehicles.
• Trust: Villagers seek care earlier when health agents are known, present, and reliable.
• Efficiency: Treating early reduces hospital referrals and prevents advanced complications.
• Necessity: Ultra-rural medical care exists because waiting for infrastructure costs lives.

What Is the Water Connection Program?

The Water Connection program is a life-changing initiative that provides clean water access to people who have none. But it’s more than just drilling wells—it’s about transforming lives by ensuring safe water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities in ultra-rural communities.

We build deep-water wells, reservoirs, and sustainable water distribution systems. We also construct toilets, handwashing stations, and hygiene infrastructure, because clean water alone isn’t enough—sanitation and education are essential for lasting health improvements.

With clean water, everything changes. Families can drink safely, cook nutritious meals, wash properly, clean their homes, and care for their livestock. Children stay healthier, reducing diseases caused by contaminated water. Crops can grow, ensuring better food security.

Water is life—without it, nothing survives. The Water Connection program empowers communities through water, giving them not just survival, but the ability to thrive, learn, and build a better future.

15 Things You Should Know About Ferrocement Water Tanks

1. Ferrocement tanks are durable and resist cracking better than concrete.
2. Each tank in Laindatang holds 5,300 litres of clean water.
3. Clean water prevents up to 80% of infectious diseases.
4. Ferrocement uses thin layers of cement over metal mesh, making it strong and lightweight.
5. Waterborne diseases are a leading cause of child mortality in rural Indonesia.
6. Rainwater harvested in tanks reduces reliance on distant sources.
7. Clean water improves school attendance, especially for girls.
8. Ferrocement tanks are low-cost and quick to build.
9. One tank can serve 10–15 families in Laindatang.
10. Water stored safely prevents contamination from animals or insects.
11. Ferrocement requires minimal maintenance over decades.
12. Names of tanks honour local culture and identity.
13. Stored rainwater saves communities during dry seasons.
14. Fair Future’s reservoirs are built with local labour, empowering communities.
15. Clean water is the first step toward better health and dignity for all.

Why This Roof Matters – Infrastructure Is Medicine

• Design: This roof is engineered to block heat and light, reducing biological growth and protecting stored water in tropical conditions.
• Protection: Light steel roofing shields filtered rainwater from debris, animals, and airborne contamination before it enters the tank.
• Prevention: Limiting sunlight exposure within reservoirs slows bacterial and algal growth, which compromises drinking water safety.
• Material: Light steel offers strength, precision, and durability without overloading reservoir walls or foundations.
• Filtration: The roof guides rainfall toward a controlled three-stage filtration process before safe storage begins.
• Sealing covered access points and sealed inflows prevents recontamination after filtration, a frequent failure in rural systems.
• Stability Proper anchoring of the light steel structure ensures resistance to seasonal winds and heavy rainfall.
• Hygiene Protected water storage directly reduces diarrhoeal disease, skin infections, and parasitic exposure.
• Medicine Infrastructure like this roof acts as preventive care, avoiding illness before treatment is ever needed.
• Climate Designed for tropical heat and humidity, the roof maintains stable internal water conditions year-round.
• Community Built with villagers, the structure encourages ownership, maintenance, and long-term responsibility.
• Durability Every bolt and joint is placed to ensure decades of service, not temporary solutions.
• Safety Elevation and coverage limit human and animal contact with stored drinking water.
• Precision Medical-grade thinking guides each construction choice, from angle calculations to airflow control.
• Impact Clean water protected at the source means fewer emergencies and healthier children over time.

Who Benefits from the Water Connection Program?

The Water Connection program serves anyone without access to clean water—entire communities, villages, families, and even individual households struggling to find safe drinking water. Many beneficiaries walk for hours, even overnight, just to collect a few liters of unsafe water, exposing themselves to disease, exhaustion, and long-term health risks.

Children are the first to benefit. They receive education on water safety, hygiene, and nutrition, ensuring they grow up with the knowledge to protect their health. Families and communities gain access to clean water for drinking, cooking, washing, and sanitation, reducing illness and improving overall well-being.

Beyond just providing water, the program teaches how to recognize clean water, purify it, and use it effectively. Clean water transforms lives—it means better health, improved nutrition, and a dignified way of living. Through Water Connection, access to water becomes more than survival—it becomes a path to a healthier, more sustainable future.

How a 5,000-Litre Water Tank Can Change Lives

In rural areas like Hambarita, access to clean water is often limited or entirely absent. A 5,000-liter ferrocement tank can make a significant difference. It supplies clean water daily for approximately 15 individuals, meeting their needs for drinking, cooking, washing, and maintaining basic hygiene.

This access decreases the likelihood of malaria, diarrhea, skin infections, and other ailments linked to contaminated water. Furthermore, it lessens the necessity for long, often unsafe treks to gather water, which can be especially burdensome for children and women.

The construction of these tanks involves the community. Families collaborate with Fair Future’s teams to mix cement, reinforce it with steel, and learn proper maintenance techniques to ensure the tank's longevity. With water readily available, children are more likely to attend school, families experience improved health, and a sense of dignity is restored.

Clean water is not merely a resource; it is essential for survival.
These 5,000 liters symbolise a move towards better health, food security, and self-sufficiency.

Water Filtration as Preventive Medicine

• Filtration removes debris and organic matter before storage, limiting bacterial growth long before water reaches families.
• Prevention begins above the tank, where contaminated rainwater is filtered before it can become a source of disease.
• Medicine is not only pills and clinics, but systems that stop illness before the first symptom appears.
• Design ensures water is treated passively, without electricity, chemicals, or complex maintenance in remote areas.
• Health improves when insects, sediment, and organic waste are blocked before entering long-term storage.
• Children benefit most from filtration systems that reduce diarrheal disease and chronic water-related infections.
• Safety depends on precise pipe alignment and sealed joints, where a single failure could compromise the entire system.
• Maintenance is built into the design, allowing complete drainage, cleaning, and inspection without dismantling infrastructure.
• Durability matters because repairs here require hours of walking and transport across rugged terrain.
• Hygiene starts before storage, when rainwater is cleaned rather than treated after contamination occurs.
• Engineering becomes public health when filtration standards are applied with medical reasoning rather than shortcuts.
• Reliability comes from simple systems tested repeatedly under real-world conditions over many years.
• Community involvement ensures understanding, protection, and long-term care of the filtration system.
• Access to clean water reduces pressure on health services that are days away from these villages.
• Dignity grows when families rely on water that protects their health rather than threatens it.

What Is Ferro-Cement and Why Do We Use It?

Ferro-cement is an affordable, durable, and locally adaptable construction technique that we use for building water reservoirs and infrastructure in ultra-rural areas. It consists of a strong wire mesh (or metal reinforcement) coated with layers of cement mortar, creating a lightweight yet incredibly resilient structure.

We use ferro-cement because it is cost-effective—requiring far less material than traditional concrete—and suitable for remote areas where imported construction materials are scarce or expensive. Everything needed for ferro-cement structures can be sourced locally, making it a sustainable and practical solution for communities without access to conventional building resources.

Another major advantage is knowledge transfer. Villagers learn to build ferro-cement structures alongside us, gaining skills to replicate and expand water storage solutions in their own communities. Once they master the technique, they can construct additional reservoirs, improving clean water access for more families at a minimal cost.

Ferro-cement is more than a building method—it is a scalable, self-sustaining approach that empowers communities, providing them with long-term solutions for clean water and infrastructure development.

15 Lasting Benefits of the Laindatang Rainwater Reservoir

1. Disease Prevention – Large capacity ensures constant clean water, reducing malaria, dengue, dysentery, and other diseases year-round.
2. Year-Round Supply – Stores 115,000 litres, keeping the village supplied even through the harshest dry seasons.
3. Improved Nutrition – Abundant clean water supports safe food preparation, better cooking, and healthier diets.
4. Hygiene Access – Sufficient water for daily washing, cleaning, and laundry improves overall hygiene standards.
5. Maternal Health – Pregnant women benefit from safe, reliable water, reducing complications and infections.
6. Menstrual Health – Ensures women can manage menstruation safely and with dignity, reducing school absences.
7. Child Growth – Continuous water access improves child health, reducing stunting and strengthening immunity.
8. Reduced Burden – Saves hours of daily water collection, especially for women and children, freeing time for other needs.
9. Community Resilience – Large storage capacity prevents crisis during droughts, avoiding dependence on unsafe sources.
10. Education Stability – Children can attend school consistently without missing days to fetch or queue for water.
11. Lower Medical Costs – Fewer waterborne diseases reduce the economic strain on already poor families.
12. Local Resource Use – Built with local materials and skills, ensuring maintenance is sustainable and affordable.
13. Climate Positive – Harvests and stores rainwater, easing pressure on depleted groundwater and natural sources.
14. Knowledge Transfer – The construction process trained locals, boosting skills for future water projects.
15. Generational Impact – Ensures cleaner, healthier lives for decades, transforming health, opportunity, and dignity.

Why This Reservoir Protects Water and Health

• Stability: The reservoir is buried to maintain a cool temperature, reduce evaporation, and protect water from external contamination.
• Protection: Seven internal layers seal pores, reinforce the concrete, and keep stored water safe from bacteria and microfractures.
• Absence of Light: The chamber remains dark, preventing algae and microbe growth that thrive in sunlight in rural water sources.
• Filtration: All incoming rainwater passes through sediment control to lower impurities before entering the reservoir.
• Cooling: Underground placement keeps the water naturally fresh, limiting bacterial growth during long dry seasons.
• Barrier: SIKA mineral coating fills invisible cracks, prevents seepage, and strengthens the reservoir against pressure changes.
• Sealing: The blue layers form a continuous membrane that shields water from heat, oxygen exposure, and surface contamination.
• Hygiene: Smooth walls inhibit biofilm formation, making the interior more straightforward to maintain and safer for long-term water storage.
• Ventilation: Controlled airflow prevents condensation and mould, keeping the reservoir dry, stable, and hygienic inside.
• Security: Steel hatches with rubber seals block insects, dust, and animals, while allowing safe inspection and maintenance.
• Locking: Padlocked access prevents tampering and ensures only trained staff from Fair Future and Kawan Baik can enter securely.
• Resistance: Layered coatings withstand humidity, temperature shifts, and seasonal storms, protecting rural water systems.
• Purity: Lack of direct sunlight, air infiltration, and organic debris prevents the growth of harmful microbes.
• Durability: Multi-layered protection extends the lifespan of the reservoir, ensuring villages can depend on clean water for many years.
• Health: Every technical measure is a health measure, reducing diarrhoea, skin infections, and waterborne illnesses among rural families.

What are the handwashing stations we build in ultra-rural areas?

Handwashing stations are essential community hygiene structures that we build in schools and communities where sanitation facilities do not exist. These stations consist of 2 to 10 sinks, providing children with a place to wash their hands, often for the first time in their lives.

In schools without adequate sanitation, once we have installed toilets and clean water systems, it becomes crucial to also provide handwashing stations. The standard ratio is one sink for every 10 students – for a school of 80 children, we install 8 to 10 sinks.

But installing sinks is not enough. We educate children and teachers on hand hygiene, proper sanitation and the importance of using soap, as many have never seen a sink, a tap or even soap before. These stations help reduce infectious diseases, improve overall health, and create healthier school environments.

By introducing clean water and hygiene practices, these stations transform daily life, promoting better health, dignity, and a more sustainable future for children in ultra-rural areas. See this poster here, too.

Why the Laindatang Rainwater Tank is a Groundbreaking Innovation – 15 Essential Insights

1. Scale: At nearly 115 m³, this is the largest rainwater harvesting tank ever built in East Sumba.
2. Purity: Rainwater is filtered before entering the tank, guaranteeing safe, drinkable water.
3. Continuity: Every rainy day brings 6–8 m³ of clean water, ensuring a year-round supply.
4. Sustainability: The system relies only on gravity and rainfall—no electricity, no pumps.
5. Resilience: Communities no longer depend on distant wells or unpredictable rivers.
6. Nature Friendly: The system reduces pressure on overused groundwater sources.
7. Wildlife Impact: Cleaner surroundings benefit animals too, reducing contamination points.
8. Education: The information panel shares knowledge, inspiring replication in other villages.
9. Health: Fewer cases of diarrhoea, skin infections, and waterborne diseases in children.
10. Dignity: Women and children no longer walk 10–15 km daily to fetch unsafe water.
11. Nutrition: Access to safe water enhances hygiene for cooking, washing vegetables, and feeding infants.
12. Community Pride: The tank has become a symbol of local resilience and collaboration.
13. Innovation: Nowhere else in the region is rain harvested and filtered at this scale.
14. Longevity: Built to last decades, requiring minimal maintenance and zero fuel.
15. Future Proof: By connecting the sky to the ground, this system offers a climate-resilient water solution.

When Water Is Measured, Health Is Protected

• Measurement transforms water from merely a resource into a monitored medical asset that safeguards health before disease manifests.
• Precision guarantees that every ten thousand litres is accounted for, preventing misuse and dangerous shortages during the dry season.
• Visibility enables communities to instantly read water levels, reducing risky access and unnecessary reservoir openings.
• Control limits contamination by reducing human contact with stored water once monitoring becomes reliable.
• Prevention starts with accurate water measurement, well before diarrhoeal disease or infection spreads.
• Durability is increased because precise monitoring lessens stress on structures and prevents emergency interventions.
• Autonomy develops as communities manage water independently without external supervision or guesswork.
• Education occurs naturally as villagers learn to read, interpret, and act on water level information.
• Planning becomes feasible when water consumption is tracked clearly across days, weeks, and seasons.
• Safety is enhanced as fewer people need to enter or disturb the reservoir to gauge remaining water.
• Water quality stability is maintained by limiting light exposure and repeated access.
• Accountability is reinforced because everyone shares the same visible reference point.
• Resilience grows when water use adapts to reality, not assumptions.
• Medicine begins here, with numbers on a wall rather than pills in a clinic.
• Survival often depends on simple tools used with rigour, patience, and experience.

What Are SolarBuddy Solar Lights?

SolarBuddy solar lights are durable, rechargeable solar-powered lamps designed to bring safe and reliable lighting to children and families living without electricity. These compact and lightweight lights charge during the day using solar energy and provide hours of bright illumination at night, eliminating the need for costly and hazardous alternatives.

In ultra-rural schools where no electricity exists, Fair Future distributes SolarBuddy lights to students, ensuring they have a dependable light source. Without access to electricity, children struggle to study after dark, walk home safely, or complete simple daily tasks. Many families rely on kerosene lamps, which are toxic, expensive, and a fire hazard. By replacing them with SolarBuddy lights, we reduce health risks, lower fire hazards, and provide a cleaner, more sustainable solution.

Beyond simply lighting homes, SolarBuddy empowers entire communities. These lamps allow children to study longer, improve education, and enhance safety at night. Families can cook, fetch water, and move safely through their villages without the dangers of darkness or unsafe lighting alternatives.

With thousands of children in East Sumba still without access to electricity, the SolarBuddy program is a lifeline, bringing hope, education, and opportunity to those who need it most. More information: solar buddy.org - Illumitating futures.

The Influence of Light on Physical and Mental Well-being

Even a small illumination source can be life-changing for families living in extremely remote areas with little light. Physically, it minimises the risks of accidents during night travel and cooking. Additionally, it reduces respiratory issues linked to smoke from kerosene lamps, creating a healthier home environment.

On a psychological level, light alleviates the anxiety and fear of darkness. It promotes a sense of security and dignity, enabling children to feel safe enough to learn and dream, while empowering adults to care for their families more confidently. Light also prolongs daylight, facilitating more productive hours, enhancing nutrition and hygiene by allowing safe food preparation and improving household activities.

A simple lamp reinstates a sense of agency and control over daily routines in these communities. It represents more than mere illumination; it provides a pathway to enhanced health, mental wellness, and social connectivity, affirming every family’s right to safety, dignity, and opportunity.

The First Night With Light

• Silence: The first night with light is quieter, not outside but inside, as fear slowly steps back and the body finally relaxes.
• Attention: Light changes how a child looks at the room, revealing walls, faces, and objects that were invisible after sunset.
• Safety: With light, movement becomes slower but surer, reducing falls, cuts, and accidents that darkness makes almost inevitable.
• Breathing: When the room is lit, breathing softens, shoulders drop, and the tension carried all day does not carry over into the night.
• Sleep: Falling asleep with light nearby helps children rest without imagining dangers hidden in shadows they cannot control.
• Confidence: Holding light creates a sense of control, the feeling that the night is no longer something that happens to you.
• Learning: The first night with light allows homework to continue, even briefly, changing how evenings are used and valued.
• Family: Light gathers people together, allowing parents and children to share time rather than parting when darkness falls.
• Orientation: Seeing clearly helps the brain map space, making familiar rooms feel safer and reducing the need for constant alertness.
• Calm: Light lowers stress hormones by removing uncertainty, replacing imagined threats with visible, understandable reality.
• Routine: The night gains structure when light is present, allowing for simple habits rather than rushing everything before sunset.
• Protection: Cooking and moving with light reduces burns and injuries that often happen when hands guess rather than see.
• Curiosity: With light, children explore books, drawings, and objects, discovering details they never knew existed at night.
• Dignity: Light restores a sense of everyday life, allowing children to live evenings like others, without constant limitations.
• Memory: The first night with light stays remembered because it marks the moment darkness stopped deciding everything.

15 Key Benefits of SolarBuddy Lamps for Ultra-Rural Families

• Safety for children and families: Reduces accidents, falls, and injuries by providing reliable light for walking at night.
• Prevents burns and fires: Eliminates risks from open flames, candles, and kerosene lamps, which often cause household fires.
• Better school performance: Enables children to study after sunset, improving learning conditions and school success.
• Saves family income: Removes the need to buy expensive candles or kerosene, allowing families to allocate funds for food or medicine.
• Protects respiratory health: Kerosene lamps produce toxic fumes; solar lamps eliminate indoor air pollution and related lung diseases.
• Safer access to water: Families who walk for hours at night to fetch water can now see the paths, avoiding falls and dangerous terrain.
• Empowers women: Light allows safer cooking, childcare, and household management, reducing risks of burns or injuries.
• Prevents animal bites: Reduces the risk of snake bites, stray dog attacks, and mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue.
• Energy independence: Solar-powered lamps provide a long-term solution, removing reliance on costly and polluting fuel sources.
• Restores dignity: Living in total darkness is stressful; light brings normalcy, security, and a better quality of life.
• Supports economic activities: Light allows families to work after dark, improving income from small businesses or crafts.
• Reduces violence risks: Improved visibility at night lowers the risk of domestic violence, theft, and community conflicts.
• Strengthens schools: Solar-powered classrooms allow teachers to conduct lessons, and students can study in a safe environment.
• Improves emergency care: Light allows families and health workers to provide first aid or respond to medical emergencies at night.
• Environmentally friendly: Solar lamps replace kerosene, reducing pollution, deforestation, and carbon emissions.

Community Effort and Shared Responsibility

The SolarBuddy programme in East Sumba is more than just a technical project—it's a collective act of solidarity. Over two days of quality control at Rumah Kambera, local volunteers, students, and young professionals worked alongside Rotary members from abroad. Together, they tested, repaired, labelled, and registered 2,224 lamps, preparing them for a six-month distribution across villages that are often only accessible by motorbike or on foot.

This shared effort demonstrates that change is not delivered from outside but built collaboratively, spanning generations and cultures. For the volunteers, it offers an opportunity to gain skills, confidence, and a sense of purpose. For Rotary and Fair Future, it serves as evidence that long-term impact requires both international expertise and local ownership.

Each lamp, therefore, not only provides light but also bears the mark of a community that chose to act together, ensuring safety, education, and dignity for thousands of children and families.

Interactive Map: Schools Without Electricity in East Sumba

This interactive Google map highlights the schools of East Sumba, the ultra-rural region where Fair Future operates. Each yellow or gray dot represents a school, giving a clear picture of the electricity crisis affecting thousands of children.

• Yellow dots mark schools where we have distributed SolarBuddy lamps, ensuring that students now have access to light for studying, walking safely, and completing daily tasks.
• Gray dots represent schools still without electricity, meaning these children live in complete darkness, with no source of light at home or in their village.

With over 100 schools and 10,000 to 15,000 children affected, this map illustrates the urgent need for electricity in these communities. Lack of light impacts education, safety, and daily survival—children must navigate dangerous paths, fetch water in the dark, and cook in unsafe conditions.

This map is a call to action—every lamp distributed is a step toward a brighter future for these children.

What Happens When a Village Lights Up for the First Time?

• As evening falls, children stay at their desks, reading with calm focus—no longer racing the sun to finish schoolwork.
• Teachers can now plan lessons at night with proper light, helping to improve education even in the most remote areas.
• Phones charge daily, connecting families to healthcare, relatives, emergency calls, and essential coordination tools.
• Steady lighting around paths and homes reduces falls, snake encounters, and nighttime accidents—especially for the elderly.
• Water pumps run again, delivering clean water for washing, drinking, and food preparation—no more hauling buckets uphill.
• The long-dead satellite dish finally beams: the internet is on, bringing lessons, resources, and a link to the modern world.
• Kerosene lamps are gone; children no longer breathe smoke or risk burns—health improves with every flick of the switch.
• With light in the schoolyard, villagers gather in the evenings for discussions, training, and cultural events.
• The school transforms into a safe and active space at night—a heart of learning, health, and togetherness.
• Laughter erupts during the first movie night; for many, it’s the first time they’ve seen moving images on a screen.
• Music and radio return to homes; news and stories circulate, rekindling joy and community life after dark.
• Homework becomes relaxed, guided, and meaningful—children learn more, and sleep better.
• Youth no longer walk hours just to charge phones; they stay home, participate, and invest in their village.
• At night, the village no longer feels like a trap of darkness—it feels alive, possible, and full of dignity.
• Light doesn’t only illuminate space—it creates time, safety, knowledge, and the power to shape tomorrow.

What Makes Accessing Ultra-Rural Villages in East Sumba So Challenging?

Reaching the remote villages of East Sumba poses a significant challenge. The absence of roads, asphalt, and infrastructure makes travel difficult. The landscape is steep and rugged, often rendering it nearly impassable and transforming short distances into long, tiring treks. In certain areas, covering just two kilometers can take several hours due to these harsh conditions.

For each mission, we must bring along all necessary supplies. These villages lack water, electricity, and essential resources—essentially everything. Even for a brief stay of one or two days, we must transport our food, cooking essentials, and drinking water. Every medical instrument and SolarBuddy lamp needs to be manually carried in large quantities alongside packages of food that collectively weigh several tons.

To reach these villages, we must traverse dangerous and unmaintained paths, where vehicles risk getting stuck, breaking down, or overturning. Each journey involves calculated risks because these communities would remain isolated from essential resources without our efforts.

In the face of danger, we continue our efforts—for these journeys deliver more than just essential supplies. They bring light, medical aid, nourishment, and clean water to those without other means of access. Each kilometer traveled signifies a village reached, a child safeguarded, and hope restored for families.

Why Electricity Changes a School Forever

• Learning: Electricity enables children in an off-grid school to read, write, and revise after sunset, extending learning time beyond daylight hours.
• Teachers: Teachers living on site can prepare lessons at night, correct notebooks, and plan classes by light rather than exhaustion.
• Safety: Light reduces accidents around the school and teachers’ homes, improving safety for children and staff after dark.
• Continuity: Electricity ensures school activities continue during cloudy days or rainy seasons when daylight fades early.
• Retention: Teachers are more likely to stay long-term when basic living conditions improve, stabilising education in isolated areas.
• Digital Tools: Electricity powers laptops, printers, and educational screens, transforming unused equipment into fundamental teaching tools.
• Concentration: Proper lighting reduces eye strain and fatigue, helping children stay focused and learn more effectively in the evening.
• Equality: Electricity gives rural children the same study conditions as urban students, reducing educational inequality at its source.
• Preparation: Teachers can charge phones and devices to ensure communication and emergency readiness in highly remote locations.
• Motivation: A lit school becomes a place children want to stay in, increasing attendance and engagement beyond mandatory hours.
• Health: Better lighting improves hygiene, visibility, and overall well-being for children and teachers living on site.
• Community: The school becomes a shared evening space, strengthening ties between teachers, students, and families.
• Stability: Electricity supports teachers who live at school, making daily life manageable in a place far from roads and services.
• Autonomy: A solar-powered school operates independently, without fuel or generators, ensuring reliable education year-round.
• Dignity: Electricity restores dignity to teaching and learning, showing children that their education matters, even in the most remote areas.

Waste Kills – Stop Polluting, Start Acting

This poster delivers a powerful message on the catastrophic impact of waste mismanagement and plastic pollution on both human health and the environment. Burning trash poisons the air, dumping waste in rivers contaminates drinking water, and plastic pollution kills wildlife and enters our food chain.

The consequences are real:

• Toxic air that causes respiratory diseases.
• Polluted water that spreads illness.
• Plastic-filled oceans and land that harm animals and food sources.
• Irreversible damage to nature and future generations.

We must act now. Sort your waste, recycle, stop burning plastic, and never throw garbage into rivers or fields. Every small action protects lives and prevents further destruction.

This poster is a wake-up call—change starts with you.

Healthy Daily Habits: The Foundation of Well-Being

This poster highlights four essential daily habits that promote long-term health and resilience, especially in ultra-rural communities with little or no access to medical care. In these regions, prevention is often the only protection against disease and poor health.

By adopting these simple yet powerful habits, families can significantly improve their well-being, reduce the risk of illness, and build stronger communities:

• Stay active – Engaging in daily movement such as walking, playing, and working outdoors keeps the body strong and reduces the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure. Physical activity also supports mental health and overall well-being.
• Eat nutritious foods – Local, healthy meals rich in vegetables, fruits, proteins, and whole grains provide energy, strengthen the immune system, and prevent malnutrition. A well-balanced diet ensures children grow stronger and adults stay fit and productive.
• Maintain proper hygiene – Washing hands with soap and clean water removes harmful bacteria and viruses, preventing common illnesses like diarrhea, respiratory infections, and skin diseases. Personal and household hygiene reduces disease transmission and improves overall health.
• Rest and recover – Sleep and relaxation allow the body to heal, regenerate, and build resilience. A well-rested body is less prone to illness and stress, enabling people to stay strong and productive throughout their daily activities.

Where healthcare is scarce, small daily choices make a big difference. By practicing these habits, families take control of their health, reduce medical risks, and ensure a better future for themselves and their children.

Well-being starts at home, and a healthy life begins with everyday actions.

Fair Future’s Anti-Smoking Campaign: The Deadly Impact of Secondhand Smoke

Fair Future Foundation has launched a strong anti-smoking campaign to expose the devastating effects of secondhand smoke. Every year, more than 1.2 million people die from exposure to toxic cigarette smoke, including children, pregnant women, and entire families who have no choice but to inhale polluted air.

Secondhand smoke is more than a nuisance—it is a silent killer. It contains over 7,000 harmful chemicals, many of which are known to cause lung cancer, heart disease, strokes, asthma, chronic bronchitis, and severe respiratory infections. In pregnant women, exposure increases the risk of low birth weight, premature births, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). It weakens the immune system, damages vital organs, and worsens pre-existing conditions, making it a major public health crisis.

This campaign seeks to raise awareness, educate communities, and push for urgent action. Protect your loved ones from the dangers of secondhand smoke. No one should be forced to breathe poison. Every breath matters.

Recognizing Malaria: Early Detection Saves Lives

This poster educates ultra-rural families on how to recognize the early symptoms of malaria, a disease that can rapidly become life-threatening if left untreated. In remote areas with little or no access to medical care, early detection is critical to preventing severe complications and death.

Common symptoms of malaria include:

• Fever and chills – Often cyclical, with episodes of extreme cold followed by high fever.
• Severe headache and muscle pain – Similar to flu symptoms but more intense.
• Fatigue and weakness – A persistent feeling of exhaustion, even with rest.
• Nausea and vomiting – Can lead to dehydration, worsening the illness.
• Excessive sweating – Often follows a fever spike, signaling a malaria cycle.

Many families mistake malaria for the flu or a common cold, delaying treatment and increasing the risk of organ failure, seizures, coma, or death. Awareness is essential—knowing the difference can be the difference between life and death.

As part of Fair Future’s Zero Malaria initiative, this poster helps ensure that families:

• Identify symptoms early
• Seek urgent medical care when malaria is suspected
• Take action to prevent transmission by using mosquito nets, repellents, and eliminating breeding grounds

In the fight against malaria, awareness and rapid intervention save lives. Recognizing symptoms early is the first step to survival.

Good Food vs. Junk Food: What Nourishes, What Harms

This poster highlights the stark contrast between nutritious foods and harmful junk foods, emphasizing their long-term impact on health, especially for children and future generations.

Ultra-processed foods may seem cheap and convenient, but they are often filled with excess sugar, salt, unhealthy fats, and artificial additives. Regular consumption leads to malnutrition, diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and developmental issues. Many families in ultra-rural areas rely on these foods because they are widely available and affordable, but affordability does not mean they are healthy.

In contrast, fresh, natural, and balanced meals provide the nutrients needed for growth, energy, and disease prevention. Whole grains, vegetables, fruits, protein-rich foods, and healthy fats strengthen the body, boost immunity, and support brain development. Eating well ensures that children grow stronger, healthier, and more resilient against illness.

The message is simple: Prioritize real, wholesome food. Reduce processed, unhealthy choices. What we eat today determines our health tomorrow.

Eat well, live well, and build a healthier future for all.

Malaria Prevention: Simple Actions Save Lives

This poster educates ultra-rural families on practical, life-saving habits that help prevent malaria, a deadly disease that thrives in regions with limited or no access to medical care. Malaria is transmitted through mosquito bites, but simple actions can significantly reduce the risk of infection and save lives.

By following these key preventive measures, families can protect themselves and their communities:

• Sleep under mosquito nets – Using a properly treated bed net every night blocks infected mosquitoes and prevents bites.
• Avoid stagnant water – Mosquitoes breed in standing water found in pools, containers, or discarded items. Draining or covering them reduces mosquito populations.
• Wear protective clothing – Long sleeves, pants, and light-colored clothing prevent mosquitoes from biting exposed skin.
• Use mosquito repellents – Applying safe repellents on the skin or in living spaces keeps mosquitoes away and reduces exposure.
• Clear tall grass and bushes – Mosquitoes hide in vegetation and shaded areas near homes. Regularly clearing these areas reduces their presence.

In remote areas, where malaria treatment is difficult to access, prevention is the first and often the only defense. Early symptoms like fever, chills, and body aches must be recognized quickly to seek medical help if needed.

Malaria is preventable. By adopting these simple habits, families can protect themselves, reduce infections, and save lives. Knowledge is power—malaria prevention starts at home.

Clean Hands, Healthy Lives: Fair Future’s Handwashing Awareness Campaign

This poster highlights the life-saving importance of proper handwashing in preventing disease transmission. It educates ultra-rural families and children on how to wash hands correctly, emphasizing key steps such as scrubbing all areas, rinsing thoroughly, and air drying to eliminate harmful germs and bacteria.

As part of the Water Connections program, this initiative extends beyond education by providing real, lasting solutions. Fair Future installs handwashing stations with clean water and soap in remote communities, ensuring that proper hygiene becomes a daily habit rather than an unattainable goal.

In areas where access to clean water is limited, poor hygiene leads to high rates of diarrheal diseases, respiratory infections, and skin conditions. Teaching children and families how to wash their hands properly helps prevent these illnesses, protecting the most vulnerable, particularly young children.

Where medical care is scarce, prevention is the first line of defense. Clean hands save lives, and simple hygiene practices can mean the difference between health and disease.

The Impact of One Mosquito Net: A Lifeline for Five People

What can one single mosquito net do? A lot more than you might think.

A long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito net (LLIN) often protects more than five people each night from the bites of malaria-carrying mosquitoes, in places where malaria kills more people than any other disease.

Now imagine the effect of just one net over its entire lifespan:

• One net × 5 people × 365 nights = 1,825 nights of protection each year
• Over five years = 9,125 nights of protection from malaria

That’s 9,125 times a child doesn’t get bitten while sleeping, a mother doesn’t wake up with a fever, a family doesn’t face the risk of death from a preventable disease.

And it costs only IDR 206,000 (about 13 USD, 12 CHF, or 20 AUD). That’s the price of a simple meal—for five years of safety.

In the villages where Fair Future works, thousands of families sleep without any protection at all. That’s why we distribute these nets—because they are affordable, effective, and save lives instantly.

One mosquito net. Five lives. Five years. Over 9,000 protected nights. That’s not magic—it’s action.

What is the Malaria Spread Studies Program?

In April 2025, the Fair Future Foundation launched the Malaria Spread Studies program in East Sumba, with a focus on the ultra-rural village of Umalulu. This region has long struggled with malaria, with nearly 55% of the population recently testing positive. Despite years of endemic presence, little has been done to understand why malaria continues to thrive here.

The Malaria Spread Studies aim to diagnose the real situation before proposing any solutions, just as a doctor would never prescribe medicine without first understanding the illness. For the first time, we are conducting a comprehensive field investigation to map out the factors that fuel malaria transmission.

To carry out this program, we developed a specialised digital tool: the Kawan Against Malaria App ("Good Friends Against Malaria"). This application enables local teams to survey every household in Umalulu by asking 65 targeted questions. The study is based on three key pillars:

• The Family: Collecting social and economic data, including how many people live in each home and their health history.
• The House and Environment: Assessing environmental risks such as stagnant water, poor construction, and lack of sanitation.
• Knowledge of Malaria: Understanding what people know about the disease, its symptoms, and how they manage it.

This approach is unique in an area where resources are minimal and where little support exists beyond minimal governmental programs. Thanks to collaboration with local authorities, Kawan Baik Indonesia, Rotary International, and Rotary Against Malaria, this study aims to establish a precise understanding that will inform future prevention and treatment actions.

The Malaria Spread Studies are not just about understanding the disease; they are also about preventing its spread. They aim to spread awareness, give communities a voice, provide concrete data for strategic interventions, and create a model that can be replicated across other malaria-endemic regions.

Alex Wettstein, for Fair Future Foundation

Community Engagement in Malaria Prevention – 15 Essential Insights

1. Ownership: Community involvement ensures families see malaria prevention as their own responsibility.
2. Trust: Working with local leaders strengthens acceptance and participation in prevention efforts.
3. Knowledge Sharing: Villagers become educators, spreading messages about prevention and early treatment to their communities.
4. Resilience: Engaged communities adapt more quickly when outbreaks occur, thereby reducing the risk of transmission.
5. Sustainability: When families help implement projects, outcomes last long after external teams leave.
6. Local Skills: Training community members builds a workforce of malaria fighters within the villages.
7. Cultural Fit: Respecting traditions ensures prevention strategies are accepted and used correctly.
8. Monitoring: Communities themselves report progress, symptoms, or failures, improving accuracy.
9. Women’s Role: Mothers are central to internet use, child health, and the spread of prevention practices.
10. Youth Impact: Involving students spreads knowledge rapidly across schools and families.
11. Equity: Participation ensures that vulnerable households—such as children, older people, and people with low incomes—are not left behind.
12. Behaviour Change: Daily practices like net use or clearing stagnant water stick better through local dialogue.
13. Motivation: Shared responsibility inspires pride and commitment to keeping villages malaria-free.
14. Transparency: Community involvement guarantees that funds, tools, and resources are used effectively.
15. Future: Building engaged communities today ensures malaria prevention continues tomorrow.

Why Malaria Persists When Tools Are Missing

• Access Malaria continues where clinics are distant, roads are broken, and reaching a health post can take an entire day.
• Medicines: Essential antimalarial drugs are often unavailable locally, delayed by supply chains or simply unaffordable.
• Diagnostics Rapid diagnostic tests remain rare in villages despite being basic tools for early and effective treatment.
• Cost Even low cost tests become unreachable when families must pay everything themselves without any insurance.
• Giemsa Microscopy requires Giemsa stain, quality slides, and training, all expensive and often absent in rural labs.
• Equipment Lancets, gloves, sharps boxes, and timers seem simple but are frequently missing from frontline settings.
• Training Without continuous training, health workers cannot maintain diagnostic accuracy or explain results clearly.
• Education Families are rarely taught how malaria spreads or how daily habits inside the home increase risk.
• Budgets Prevention and education are underfunded, while treatment alone absorbs limited public health resources.
• Supply Interrupted deliveries mean teams must choose who gets tested and who waits until the next visit.
• Equity Where money defines access, malaria remains a disease of the poor, the remote, and the forgotten.
• Continuity. One-time campaigns fail without long-term presence, follow-up, and repeated education in villages.
• Trust Communities engage when teams return regularly and explain, not when they arrive once and disappear.
• Reality Malaria declines only when tools, medicines, and knowledge reach homes, not just reports.
• Commitment Ending malaria requires sustained fieldwork, logistics, and education, not isolated interventions.

Why We Distribute Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) – And Why They Matter

Mosquito nets save lives. In regions like East Sumba, where malaria is endemic and medical access is nearly nonexistent, sleeping under a mosquito net can mean the difference between life and death. We distribute long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) because they are one of the most effective tools for malaria prevention. Treated with a special insecticide, these nets kill or repel mosquitoes that carry Plasmodium, the parasite responsible for malaria.

Families must use these nets every night, especially:

• During the rainy season, when mosquito populations explode.
• In homes without walls or with open windows, which are common in rural villages.
• In houses with children, pregnant women, or the elderly, who are the most vulnerable to severe malaria.

Without a net, a single mosquito bite at night can lead to a deadly infection. With a net, a family of five can sleep safely, protected for up to five years.

In one village, for example, a child died after repeated fevers that went untreated because the family had no net, no transport, and no clinic nearby. In another, thanks to the nets we distributed, malaria cases dropped by half in just three months.

We need hundreds, even thousands of LLINs, because entire communities are unprotected, and each net we give can protect a whole family—every night, for years.

This is why Fair Future continues to invest in mosquito nets. It’s a simple, affordable, and powerful way to prevent suffering and save lives in the most forgotten corners of the world.

15 Key Facts about How We Fight Malaria in East Sumba

1. Malaria remains endemic in East Sumba, with children and pregnant women at the highest risk of severe disease.
2. Training 28 lab analysts ensures faster, more reliable detection of malaria parasites in blood samples.
3. WHO-certified mentors guide local technicians, building long-term diagnostic capacity in rural health centres.
4. Microscope maintenance training reduces errors and prevents delays in life-saving malaria treatment.
5. Indoor Residual Spraying kills malaria-carrying mosquitoes on walls, reducing household transmission.
6. Spraying homes where vectors breed directly disrupts malaria’s life cycle in high-risk communities.
7. Each insecticide-treated net protects entire families every night for up to five years.
8. This project distributes 146 new nets, complementing the 320 already protecting households in Umalulu.
9. Educational campaigns reach over 1,000 villagers directly and thousands more through daily billboards.
10. Raising awareness combats misconceptions, promoting faster treatment-seeking and healthier behaviours.
11. The program combines prevention, diagnosis, and vector control—a fully integrated malaria response.
12. Community ownership ensures results endure long after the three-month intervention ends.
13. Protecting vulnerable households prevents outbreaks that strain fragile rural health systems.
14. Each action—spraying, nets, training—directly contributes to Indonesia’s 2028 Malaria Elimination goal.
15. This initiative is unique: it merges Swiss precision with local commitment for sustainable impact.

Commitment and Field Presence – 15 Essential Insights

1. Presence: Being on the ground means problems are seen, not guessed.
2. Credibility: Families trust organisations they meet, not just names on posters.
3. Dialogue: Field presence creates conversations that digital campaigns cannot.
4. Observation: Living conditions are assessed directly, rather than relying solely on statistics.
5. Adaptation: Solutions are adjusted immediately to meet the villages' actual needs.
6. Continuity: Regular visits build long-term confidence in communities.
7. Respect: Being there shows families that their struggles are taken seriously and that they matter.
8. Ownership: When organisations share the same dust and heat, communities join in.
9. Learning: Each mission reveals realities impossible to capture in reports.
10. Human Contact: A handshake or eye contact inspires more than official data.
11. Reaction: Emergencies can be handled promptly, not months later.
12. Equity: Presence ensures no village, however remote, is left behind.
13. Transparency: Donors and partners see visible, tangible work in progress.
14. Impact: Actions are faster, cheaper, and more effective when led from the field.
15. Future: Field commitment builds the foundation for trust and sustainable change.

15 Key Reasons Why Studying Malaria Is Essential Before Taking Corrective Actions

• Accurate Diagnosis First: Understanding how, where, and why malaria spreads allows for accurate diagnosis before any intervention is designed.
• Avoid Wasting Resources: Without a clear understanding, resources can be wasted on ineffective or misdirected actions.
• Targeted Prevention: A thorough study reveals high-risk areas and populations, allowing prevention efforts to be precisely targeted.
• Understanding Local Factors: Environmental, cultural, and social factors that contribute to malaria transmission vary significantly by region and must be studied in each area.
• Identifying Root Causes: Proper research identifies underlying causes like stagnant water sources, poor housing, or lack of mosquito nets.
• Community-Specific Solutions: A one-size-fits-all approach does not work. Local studies ensure that solutions are adapted to real needs.
• Enhancing Health Education: Understanding what communities know — or do not know — about malaria guides educational initiatives.
• Building Trust with Communities: Field studies involving local people foster a sense of ownership and trust, which are essential for the success of health programs.
• Early Detection of Emerging Trends: Ongoing studies can detect changes in transmission patterns early, allowing timely adaptation of strategies.
• Validating the Right Tools: Before distributing materials like mosquito nets or launching spraying campaigns, it’s critical to know they match the community's real risks.
• Reducing Drug Resistance: Proper diagnosis helps prevent overuse or misuse of anti-malarial drugs, a major cause of drug resistance.
• Setting a Baseline for Impact Measurement: You cannot measure progress or success without knowing the initial situation through reliable data.
• Influencing Policy and Funding: Concrete field data strengthens advocacy efforts for more national or international support and funding.
• Scaling Solutions Beyond One Village: A representative sample, like Umalulu's 400 homes, helps design strategies that can be adapted for entire regions or countries.
• Saving Lives More Effectively: In the end, studying first ensures that every action taken — every dollar spent — genuinely reduces infections and saves lives.

Microscopy and Malaria Detection – 15 Essential Insights

1. Definition: Microscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing malaria by directly detecting parasites in a blood smear.
2. Accuracy: Correct slide interpretation determines whether a patient receives life-saving treatment promptly.
3. Training: Skilled analysts are crucial, as misreading a slide can cause fatal treatment delays.
4. Volume: Analysts may examine over 100 slides per day, demanding focus and technical discipline.
5. Complexity: Parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax require distinct detection skills.
6. Standardisation: WHO guidelines ensure consistent diagnostic practices and reliability across laboratories.
7. Maintenance: Microscopes must be properly cleaned, aligned, and calibrated for precise results.
8. Speed: Faster detection allows for immediate treatment, reducing community transmission.
9. Capacity: Training 28 analysts in a single region enhances diagnostic reach across thousands of patients.
10. Quality Control: Regular supervision and refresher training maintain consistent diagnostic standards.
11. Integration: Microscopy complements rapid diagnostic tests, improving overall reliability.
12. Community Impact: Accurate diagnosis prevents unnecessary medication and fosters trust in local health systems.
13. Endorsement: WHO recognises microscopy as a fundamental component of malaria elimination strategies worldwide.
14. Field Suitability: When properly supported, microscopy is affordable and sustainable for rural areas like East Sumba.
15. Future: Investing in training and equipment secures long-term resilience against malaria and other infectious diseases.

East Sumba Malaria Prevention in 15 Points

A verified summary of field work has been provided in collaboration with Rotary, Malaria Partners International, Kawan Baik Indonesia, health services, and schools. Methods, dates, and costs are publicly available in the final report and accounting annexes.

1. Planning and coordination occurred from 22 to 27 August 2025 with the District Health Office, Puskesmas, village heads, and schools.
2. The IRS team was reinforced on 9 September 2025; supplies were checked, PPE was complete, and pumps and nozzles were calibrated for flow.
3. IRS activities were carried out from 10 to 11 September in Laitipi Hamlet following SOPS, with household consent and a signed register.
4. Seventeen houses were sprayed; 1, 943 m ² of interior walls were measured, recorded, and mapped to ensure coverage.
5. Dose per room was set based on area; Ficam was mixed to target specific grams per m ²; sprayer IDS and batch numbers were logged.
6. Safety briefings were delivered, re-entry times were posted, food and water supplies were secured, and furniture was covered.
7. Community education took place from 23 to 26 September across four hamlets with Puskesmas staff and village leaders.
8. A total of 302 participants were trained on symptoms, testing, treatment, net use, and household risk reduction.
9. 146 sleeping groups received LLINs; teams demonstrated hanging, nightly use, and simple repair techniques.
10. Public messaging was maintained with 20 billboards and 270 posters placed at schools, markets, and health posts.
11. Twenty- eight lab analysts received training on microscope care, optics alignment, slide preparation, and panel proficiency testing.
12. Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) were used in the field; positive results were referred promptly; data was shared with services for follow- up.
13. Mixed teams from Fair Future and Kawan Baik worked daily with Kawan Sehat and local authorities.
14. Leadership on- site from design to final day ensured quality verification and the efficient use of every Swiss franc.
15. Transparency was guaranteed; the final report and complete accounting annexes have been published for audit and future use.

Tuberculosis in East Sumba: An Urgent and Stealthy Crisis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by bacteria, capable of spreading through the air when a person with active TB coughs or sneezes. While it primarily targets the lungs, it can also affect other parts of the body such as the brain, bones, and kidneys. If left untreated, TB can be life-threatening.

In East Sumba, tuberculosis rates are disturbingly high, particularly in extremely rural regions where individuals reside in overcrowded homes, experience chronic malnutrition, and lack access to medical professionals or diagnostic tools. These factors create an ideal environment for spreading the disease swiftly and quietly.

Tuberculosis is a curable disease, but it demands adherence to a stringent course of antibiotics lasting 6 to 9 months. If the treatment is halted prematurely, there’s a risk of resistance developing and relapse occurring, complicating future treatment efforts. Without timely diagnosis and adequate care, tuberculosis persists as an often unnoticed yet deadly infection that continues spreading among people.

Fair Future is dedicated to raising awareness, facilitating diagnosis, and connecting patients with care. In these overlooked regions, tuberculosis continues to be one of the most lethal threats to life.

Testing and Field Diagnostics – 15 Essential Insights

1. Visibility: Without testing, malaria infections remain unseen and untreated.
2. Accuracy: Field diagnostics reveal the true burden of disease, not just estimates.
3. Mobility: Visiting villages reveals cases that are missed by stationary health posts.
4. Equity: Remote families, often excluded from healthcare, are finally counted.
5. Truth: Official statistics only reflect reality when field diagnostics are carried out.
6. Prevention Link: Testing identifies hotspots where prevention efforts should be intensified.
7. Trust: Families gain confidence when teams test and explain results directly.
8. Education: Each test becomes an opportunity to teach about malaria and its symptoms.
9. Timing: Early detection reduces the severity of cases and saves lives.
10. Adaptability: Rapid diagnostic tests can be used even in the most remote settings.
11. Accountability: Transparent diagnostics keep governments and institutions honest.
12. Empowerment: Training local health workers to test builds community resilience.
13. Continuity: Regular testing helps to assess whether prevention strategies are effective.
14. Urgency: Every missed case leads to more transmission; every detected case stops a chain.
15. Future: Building a culture of diagnostics today ensures better health data and stronger care tomorrow.

How malaria posters and billboards save lives

• Each poster simplifies complex malaria science into drawings that any child or grandparent can grasp in seconds.
• Local faces, clothing, and houses appear in every scene, helping villagers instantly recognise themselves and trust the information.
• Clear boxes highlight the main symptoms of malaria, aiding families in distinguishing between a simple flu and serious danger signs.
• Short sentences in the local language explain what fever, chills, and repeated vomiting mean for a child’s health and future.
• The posters precisely instruct people what to do next: visit the health centre, request a malaria test, and start treatment early.
• They promote sleeping under long-lasting insecticidal nets, showing them as everyday household items in every village room.
• Images of Indoor Residual Spraying help communities see it as protection, not as something strange or dangerous at home.
• Scenes of clean yards, covered water containers, and tidy houses teach that daily habits can significantly reduce mosquito populations.
• By positioning near schools, markets, and churches, the posters reiterate the same clear messages during people’s daily routines.
• Children stop to look, read aloud, and share the messages at home, turning each poster into a catalyst for family discussion.
• Kawan Sehat health agents use the posters as visual aids when explaining symptoms, tests, and treatment during village visits.
• Posters stay on billboards for years, so seasonal rains and malaria peaks are always accompanied by fresh reminders on how to respond.
• The designs were created by Fair Future and Kawan Baik with East Sumba communities, ensuring content feels owned, not imposed.
• Using the same images in clinics, schools, and billboards creates a consistent language of malaria prevention across the region.
• These posters provide reliable medical information to areas without internet, television, or extensive health staff.

Major Consequences of Locust and Pest Invasions

• Total crop destruction – Swarms devour entire fields, leaving families without food and pushing entire communities into starvation.
• Severe malnutrition – With no harvests, people, especially children, suffer from protein and vitamin deficiencies, leading to long-term health issues.
• Psychological trauma – Farmers who lose everything experience deep distress, depression, and, in some cases, suicide due to financial ruin.
• Economic collapse – Entire regions dependent on agriculture face financial ruin, with no income to buy food, medicine, or essentials.
• Mass displacement – When food supplies run out, families are forced to migrate, abandoning their homes and traditional livelihoods.
• Drinking water contamination – Pesticides used against locusts seep into water sources, causing poisoning and long-term health risks.
• Livestock starvation – Animals have no food when pastures are destroyed, leading to mass die-offs and further economic devastation.
• Food price inflation – With agricultural production wiped out, food becomes scarce and expensive, making survival even harder for the poorest.
• Ecosystem destruction – Pest swarms strip landscapes bare, disrupting biodiversity and making land uninhabitable for both humans and wildlife.
• Social unrest and violence – Food shortages and economic desperation lead to rising tensions, conflicts, and increased crime rates.
• Desertification and soil erosion – With no vegetation left, the land becomes barren, making future farming nearly impossible.
• Breakdown of traditional farming practices – Farmers are unable to pass down knowledge when entire growing cycles are destroyed year after year.
• Increase in communicable diseases – Malnutrition weakens immune systems, making people more vulnerable to infections and disease outbreaks.
• Mental exhaustion and hopelessness – After repeated invasions, people lose the will to rebuild, leading to a cycle of poverty and despair.
• Dependence on harmful chemical solutions – Overuse of pesticides damages the environment and human health but remains the only defense.
• Collapse of local markets – When no food is produced, small businesses suffer, and local economies grind to a halt.
• Government inaction and corruption – Delayed responses and mismanagement of resources leave communities without the aid they desperately need.

Fifteen truths about access and why it decides health

• Access determines who survives, because without a road, no medical team or water system can reach families in remote hills.
• Distance forces villagers to walk hours for unsafe water, increasing disease and exhausting children and the elderly.
• Terrain shapes inequalities; steep limestone slopes isolate entire communities from basic health services.
• Roads are often broken or missing, making every journey a risk, especially in rain or during emergencies.
• Mobility is a medical factor; without it, infections spread unchecked because treatment arrives too late.
• Transport of materials is impossible without safe access, delaying clean water projects that could prevent illness.
• Stability of the path matters; a slipping truck on limestone can stop an entire humanitarian operation.
• Isolation increases child mortality, as diarrhoea or fevers become life-threatening when care is unreachable.
• Logistics require continuity; a single landslide or collapsed road can halt access to medicines for weeks.
• Community involvement is vital; villagers often repair paths with us, knowing health depends on these routes.
• Infrastructure like reservoirs or clinics cannot exist without a road that allows machinery to reach the site.
• Prevention begins with access; a repaired road reduces delays that worsen dehydration and infections.
• Safety for teams is essential; steep, unstable slopes endanger those bringing water, care, and support.
• Continuity of care relies on access, allowing health agents to visit patients regularly in remote hamlets.
• Equality begins when access is restored; a road brings water, education, treatment, and dignity to the hill.

Medical Equipment for RSUD Umbu Rara Meha Waingapu – 2025 Acquisition List

• 1x Treatment Set Hordeolum – Surgical kit for treating eyelid infections like styes.
• 1x Large Sterilisation Box with Silicone Pad for Large Instruments – For safely sterilising and storing surgical tools.
• 1x Cataract Set – Titanium – Complete titanium instrument set for cataract eye surgery.
• 2x Portable SPO2 – Handheld device to measure blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate.
• 2x Bilirubin Detector – Non-invasive tool to measure bilirubin levels, essential for newborn care.
• 30x Tissue Scissors – Surgical scissors designed for cutting soft tissue during medical procedures.
• 20x EDC Survival Medical Scissors – Compact, multipurpose scissors for emergency medical use.
• 2x Laryngoscope – Device used to view the vocal cords and assist in intubation.
• 2x Nebuliser – A Machine that turns liquid medicine into a mist for respiratory treatment.
• 1x ECG 12 Leads – Electrocardiograph to record heart activity for diagnosis.
• 10x Digital Tensimeters – Electronic blood pressure monitors for quick and accurate readings.
• 5x Aneroid Tensimeters – Manual blood pressure devices with a gauge and cuff.
• 20x Digital Thermometers – Electronic thermometers for measuring body temperature.
• 3x T-Piece Neonatal Resuscitators – Device for controlled ventilation of newborns in emergencies.
• 2x Blue Light Phototherapy Units – Treatment device for neonatal jaundice using blue light.
• 5x Mayo Scissors STR/Straight – Straight surgical scissors for cutting dense tissue.
• 5x Mayo Scissors CVD/Curved – Curved surgical scissors for precise tissue dissection.
• 5x Dissecting/Tissue Scissors – Fine scissors for delicate tissue cutting in surgeries.
• 5x Metzenbaum Scissors STR/Straight – Straight, long-shank scissors for delicate dissection.
• 5x Metzenbaum Scissors CVD/Curved – Curved version for fine dissection of delicate tissue.
• 5x Lister Bandage Scissors – Special scissors to safely cut bandages and dressings.
• 10x EDC Survival Medical Scissors – Multipurpose scissors for rapid cutting in emergencies.
• 7x Aneroid Tensimeters – Additional manual blood pressure devices for medical teams.

Building Together Strengthens Communities

• Engagement increases when communities develop their own solutions alongside us, shaping projects they can maintain for years.
• Collaboration allows villagers to bring their skills, land knowledge, and resilience that guide each step of construction.
• Participation ensures each structure reflects community needs, culture, and the realities of life in remote villages.
• Learning flows both ways as our teams share medical and technical skills while villagers teach terrain and tradition.
• Ownership arises when families physically build the systems that support their water, health, and daily lives.
• Solidarity naturally develops on construction sites where everyone works side by side under the same sun and rain.
• Trust is built when the community sees that every decision involves them, never made far from their lives.
• Commitment is shown through long days of carrying stones, bending steel, mixing concrete, and sharing responsibilities.
• Empowerment begins when villagers realise they can maintain, repair, and improve what they have helped create.
• Knowledge becomes a shared foundation as traditional methods blend with medical and technical expertise.
• Resilience is strengthened when communities gain tools to face drought, disease, and isolation better.
• Belonging grows as projects are valued because people protect what they built with their own hands for their families.
• Continuity is maintained because community-led work endures long after trucks, tools, and teams leave the village.
• Experience teaches us that lasting impact always starts with local hands, voices, and shared decisions.
• Unity transforms each construction site into a place of learning, effort, and progress for everyone involved.

The Truck of Life in 15 Key Roles

• Mobile Clinic: A 4x4 medical truck that transforms into a clinic on wheels, reaching families in areas where no doctor has ever been.
• Medicines: Delivers essential drugs to treat infections, pain, malaria, and chronic illnesses in remote villages with no access to a doctor or pharmacy.
• Diagnostics: Provides on-site examinations, blood pressure, temperature, oxygen, and blood sugar checks to detect dangers early without a clinic.
• Ultrasound: Utilises a portable ultrasound device to assess pregnancies, internal organs, and trauma, guiding decisions far from any hospital.
• Minor Surgery: Facilitates suturing, wound cleaning, abscess drainage, and small urgent procedures that cannot wait for hospital care.
• Laboratory: Carries equipment to collect blood, stool, and water samples, testing for infections, parasites, and serious water-related risks.
• Emergency Care: Stabilises unwell or injured patients with IV fluids, oxygen, and vital medicines before transferring them to the hospital.
• Logistics: Transports medical kits, backpacks, posters, solar lamps, and tools to start, develop, and sustain remote health programmes.
• Food and Water: Provides rice, basic nutrition, clean water, and hygiene kits to families facing drought, crisis, and daily hunger.
• Construction: Brings cement, pipes, tools, and workers to build water tanks, toilets, and simple structures that improve village safety.
• Training: Moves trainers, manuals, and materials so health agents and local teams can learn, practise, and enhance their skills.
• Prevention: Distributes posters and leads discussions on malaria, HIV, tobacco, alcohol, hygiene, and safe water, turning each stop into an educational session.
• Community Link: Connects villages, authorities, hospitals, and Fair Future so no one remains isolated, unwell, or without clear information.
• Remote Access: Reaches ultra-rural areas with no electricity, no doctor, and no pharmacy, crossing dry rivers and broken mountain roads.
• Continuity of Care: Returns to the same villages, rechecks patients, adjusts treatments, and demonstrates that genuine assistance is ongoing.

15 ways climate change makes us sick

• Water: Longer droughts empty wells and force families to drink unsafe water, causing diarrhoea, kidney issues, and fatigue.
• Heat: Rising temperatures weaken older people and children, turning simple fevers into life-threatening dehydration and collapse.
• Floods: Sudden floods destroy homes, contaminate wells, and spread sewage, increasing wounds, infections, and waterborne diseases.
• Mosquitoes: Warmer, wetter seasons extend mosquito life, so malaria and dengue appear in new places and at unexpected times.
• Nutrition: Failed harvests reduce food quality and quantity, leaving children undernourished and less able to fight infections.
• Pregnancy: Pregnant women face higher risks during heat waves, long walks for water, and untreated infections in remote villages.
• Mental health: Repeated climate shocks bring stress, anxiety, and despair to parents who cannot protect or feed their children well.
• Health access: When roads wash out or soil turns to dust, reaching clinics becomes impossible and minor illnesses turn deadly.
• Work: Farmers and builders work in extreme heat, suffering exhaustion, injuries, fainting episodes, and long-term heart strain.
• Children: Kids walk kilometres for water, miss school after floods, and fall sick more often, shaping their whole future health.
• Elders: Older people lose resilience in heat waves, struggle to breathe, decompensate faster, and often receive help too late.
• Costs: Climate-related illnesses force families to sell animals or land to buy care, deepening poverty and future health risks.
• Hygiene: With too little water, handwashing, cleaning wounds, and safe menstruation become hard, increasing infections and stigma.
• Women: Women carry the main burden of collecting water, caring for the sick, and rebuilding homes after floods or storms.
• Resilience: Reservoirs, trained health agents, and prevention tools reduce climate health risks and give villages a safety net.